中南大学学报（自然科学版）2026，Vol.57Issue(6)：2456-2468,13.DOI:10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2026.06.006
纵向风对高速列车通过隧道时压力波特性的影响
Influence of environmental wind on the pressure wave characteristics of high-speed trains passing through tunnels
摘要
Abstract
Pressure waves induced when high-speed trains enter tunnels are a core issue related to train operational safety and passenger ride comfort,and their evolution characteristics have long been a research focus in the field of high-speed rail transit.However,the existing studies mostly focus on ideal windless environments,and the influence mechanism of longitudinal wind on these pressure waves remains unclear.Based on actual train operation scenarios and considering the longitudinal wind environment in tunnels,the influence of longitudinal wind on pressure wave characteristics during train tunnel passage was explored.In the paper,a numerical simulation model of train-tunnel-longitudinal wind was firstly established,and through full-scale tests,the rationality of the proposed numerical model was verified,and the changes in pressure and flow field velocity of 350 km/h trains passing through tunnels under different longitudinal winds was analyzed,the influence law of longitudinal wind on pressure wave characteristics were exploried.The results show that tailwinds reduce air pressure by promoting airflow diffusion and weakening air compression,while headwinds intensify air compression,leading to increased pressure.As the wind speed increases,the influence of longitudinal wind on pressure wave characteristics grows more pronounced.Compared with the windless condition,the peak-to-peak pressure on the head car surface and at the tunnel midpoint is reduced by 4.8%and 4.6%respectively under a 3 m/s longitudinal wind;at a wind speed of 5 m/s,these reductions reach 7.7%and 7.6%respectively.Furthermore,flow field analysis indicates that the propagation of compression waves in the tunnel is affected by longitudinal wind.A smaller high-pressure region with closer equivalent isobars is formed under tailwind conditions,while the opposite is observed under headwind conditions.The findings of the study can be utilized as a reference for research on the aerodynamic characteristics of trains passing through tunnels under longitudinal wind.关键词
高速列车/隧道/纵向风/数值模拟/压力波Key words
high-speed train/tunnel/longitudinal wind/numerical simulation/pressure wave分类
交通工程引用本文复制引用
张洁,匡威,白夜,韩帅,刘堂红..纵向风对高速列车通过隧道时压力波特性的影响[J].中南大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,57(6):2456-2468,13.基金项目
湖南省科技创新计划项目(2024JK2045) （2024JK2045）
湖南省教育厅重点科研资助项目(24A0006) （24A0006）
中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(P2024J001) （P2024J001）
中南大学高性能计算中心资助课题(2026)(Project(2024JK2045)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province （2026）
Project(24A0006)supported by the Key Project of Scientific Research Project of Department of Education of Hunan Province （24A0006）
Project(P2024J001)supported by the Science and Technology Research and Development Program Project of China State Railway Group Co.Ltd. （P2024J001）
Project(2026)supported by the High Performance Computing Center of Central South University) （2026）
