核化学与放射化学2026，Vol.48Issue(4)：384-395,12.DOI:10.7538/hhx.2026.48.04.0384
复合气凝胶的制备及其提铀性能
Preparation and Uranium Extraction Performance of Composite Aerogel
摘要
Abstract
Nuclear energy,as a safe,low-carbon,stable,and efficient clean energy source,demonstrates broad development prospects in global energy transition and climate change mitigation.Uranium is a key raw material for nuclear energy,and its demand continues to grow with the rapid development of the nuclear industry.Seawater contains abundant uranium reserves,nearly a thousand times that of terrestrial uranium.Therefore,uranium extraction from seawater is crucial for the sustainable development of nuclear energy.Currently,there are various methods for seawater uranium extraction,such as adsorption,ion exchange,membrane separation,photocatalysis,and electrochemical methods.However,each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.Combining different methods to leverage their strengths can potentially improve uranium extraction efficiency.In this study,a porous composite aerogel material,PAO/g-C3N4,was prepared by first combining adsorbent and photocatalytic materials into a hydrogel through molecular crosslinking,followed by freeze-drying.The material was characterized by SEM,FTIR,XRD,and other techniques.Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of solid-to-liquid ratio,pH,ionic strength,contact time,and initial concentration on adsorption performance.The results show that the prepared aerogel material has a porous network structure,which exposes more active sites and increases the contact opportunities between the material and uranyl ions.Additionally,the composite aerogel PAO/g-C3N4 retains the original properties of its components.Adsorption experiments indicate that both PAO/g-C3N4 and PAO follow pseudo-second-order kinetics,with optimal uranium adsorption under near-neutral conditions.The uranium adsorption capacity of PAO fits the Langmuir adsorption model,suggesting monolayer chemical adsorption.In contrast,the uranium extraction capacity of PAO/g-C3N4 does not reach saturation within the studied concentration range,indicating its excellent uranium extraction capability.The uranium extraction performance of both PAO/g-C3N4 and PAO is influenced by pH and ionic strength,suggesting that inner-sphere and outer-sphere complexation may be the adsorption mechanism.Moreover,PAO/g-C3N4 exhibits good reusability and ion selectivity.In simulated seawater with extremely low uranium concentration,PAO/g-C3N4 shows higher uranium extraction than PAO.Mechanistic analysis reveals that PAO relies solely on adsorption,while PAO/g-C3N4 combines both adsorption and photocatalysis.The amidoxime groups in PAO primarily coordinate with uranyl ions,while g-C3N4 acts as a photocatalyst.Due to the presence of dissolved oxygen during the experiment,the photocatalytic product of g-C3N4 is uranyl peroxide dihydrate.Under the combined effects of adsorption and photocatalysis,PAO/g-C3N4 achieves efficient uranium extraction,demonstrating potential for practical applications.Furthermore,this study provides a new approach for the synergistic application of adsorption and photocatalysis.关键词
海水提铀/吸附/光催化/气凝胶Key words
uranium extraction from seawater/adsorption/photocatalysis/aerogel分类
能源科技引用本文复制引用
李涛,张柏桐,马靖怡,黄清钢,王洁茹,初剑,田伟,秦芝,白静..复合气凝胶的制备及其提铀性能[J].核化学与放射化学,2026,48(4):384-395,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金面上项目(12375356) （12375356）
