环境工程学报2026，Vol.20Issue(7)：2120-2131,12.DOI:10.12030/j.cjee.202511055
基于MIKE21的黑河上游山区河流水环境数值模拟
Numerical simulation of water environment of mountainous river in the upper reaches of the Heihe River based on the MIKE21
摘要
Abstract
In order to systematically investigate the impact of cascade hydropower development on the spatial and temporal distribution of hydrodynamic characteristics and water quality in the upper reaches of the Heihe River,this study taked the mountainous section of the upper Heihe River as the research project,and using the Hydrodynamic module coupled with the Advection-Dispersion module in MIKE21 FM,TP(total phosphorus),TN(total nitrogen),and NH3-N(ammonia nitrogen)from January to August 2023 were selected as state variables for the water environment model.A water environment model suitable for the study area was constructed.Measured data were used for parameter calibration and validation of the model,and the water quality characteristics under three operational conditions—wet season,normal season,and dry season—were analyzed.The results showed that the constructed hydrodynamic-water quality model performed well,with the hydrodynamic model achieving an R2(coefficient of determination)value of 0.89 and an MRE(mean relative error)value of 11.3%.The average R2 and MRE values for the water quality model were 0.81 and 14.21%,respectively.The hydrodynamic simulation results indicated that the average flow velocities in the upper reaches of the Heihe River during the wet,normal,and dry seasons were 1.78,0.72,and 0.36 m·s−1,respectively.The flow velocity in the natural reach was fast,up to a maximum of 4.3 m·s−1,and the hydrodynamic conditions was good.In contrast,in reservoir areas affected by hydraulic structures,the hydraulic retention time was longer,and the flow velocity was close to static because of the influence of hydraulic structures.The results of water quality simulation showed that under different hydrodynamic conditions,TN and NH3-N concentrations were higher during the dry and normal seasons,while TP concentrations were higher during the wet season.Spatially,TP,TN,and NH3-N concentrations were higher in reservoir areas compared to natural river sections.The concentration ranges of TP,TN,and NH3-N in natural river sections were 0.07～0.10,0.25～0.50,0.025～0.250 mg·L−1,respectively,while in reservoir areas,the concentrations were 0.12～0.17,0.60～0.80,and 0.10～0.45 mg·L−1,respectively.The research results can provide reference for the study of water environment of Heihe River,and have important significance for the water environment treatment of inland rivers.关键词
黑河上游/水环境/数值模拟/MIKE21Key words
Upper Heihe River/water environment/numerical simulation/MIKE21分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
王昱,尉小珍,雒天峰,王浩,田苗,孙超,张晓龙,任伟龙,胡飞燕..基于MIKE21的黑河上游山区河流水环境数值模拟[J].环境工程学报,2026,20(7):2120-2131,12.基金项目
甘肃省重点研发计划(23YFFA0020) （23YFFA0020）
甘肃省重大专项(24ZDNA004) （24ZDNA004）
甘肃省2025年水利科研与技术推广项目联合资助(25GSLK011,25GSLK032) （25GSLK011,25GSLK032）
