航空学报2026，Vol.47Issue(16)：153-169,17.DOI:10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33109
直升机发动机失效后旋翼转速自主恢复与稳定控制
Autonomous rotor speed restoration and stabilization after helicopter engine failure
摘要
Abstract
Following helicopter engine failure,rapid rotor speed recovery and maintenance of a stable steady-state autorotation condition are essential.To achieve autonomous control of this process,this study first analyzed the col-lective pitch control characteristics based on sweep-frequency flight test data from a light helicopter in steady-state au-torotation.The results revealed a significant phase lag in the rotor speed response to collective pitch inputs,demon-strating that conventional rotor speed feedback strategies carry an inherent risk of inducing system oscillations.Sec-ond,based on blade element theory analysis,it was identified that conventional rotor speed feedback strategies lack explicit regulation of the airflow angle of attack.Building on this insight,a vertical velocity feedback strategy was pro-posed,along with a composite control architecture integrating inner-loop vertical velocity feedback and outer-loop rotor speed feedback.The effectiveness of this composite architecture was further verified from a transfer function perspec-tive.Subsequently,a flight dynamics model applicable to engine failure scenarios was established for the UH-1H heli-copter,incorporating rotor disk modeling and dynamic inflow theory.Simulation analysis of the collective pitch re-sponse in steady-state autorotation validated the characteristic reverse initial response and phase lag of the rotor speed for the studied helicopter.Finally,simulations for steady-state autorotation entry and disturbance rejection were con-ducted based on the developed model,comparing the performance of four control strategies:open-loop collective re-duction,conventional rotor speed feedback,the proposed vertical velocity feedback,and the dual-loop feedback strat-egy.The results indicate that the proposed dual-loop feedback strategy overcomes the inherent oscillatory limitations of rotor speed feedback,significantly accelerates rotor kinetic energy recovery compared to single-loop vertical velocity feedback,and provides disturbance rejection capability absent in open-loop control.This study offers new insights for the design of autonomous controllers in autorotation descent and the reliable establishment of steady-state autorotation.关键词
直升机/自转下滑/稳态自转/总距操纵/转速控制Key words
helicopter/autorotation/steady-state autorotation/collective pitch control/rotor speed control分类
航空航天引用本文复制引用
韦康瑞,周旭,徐尤松,曹宸恺,招启军..直升机发动机失效后旋翼转速自主恢复与稳定控制[J].航空学报,2026,47(16):153-169,17.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(U25B2092) （U25B2092）
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX25_0564) National Natural Science Foundation of China(U25B2092) （KYCX25_0564）
Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX25_0564) （KYCX25_0564）
