海洋科学2026，Vol.50Issue(2)：73-90,18.DOI:10.11759/hykx20251023002
基于环境DNA的靶向物种特异性检测技术及其在水生生态系统监测中的应用
Research advances in targeted species-specific detection using environmental DNA with applications in aquatic ecosystem monitoring
摘要
Abstract
Environmental DNA(eDNA)technology for targeted species-specific detection is rapidly emerging as an innovative tool for aquatic ecosystems monitoring,and it is gradually replacing traditional methods.This review provides a comprehensive assessment of eDNA's application for species-specific detection of aquatic organisms,with a focus on the selection of mitochondrial target genes(e.g.,COⅠ,Cytb,and D-Loop),as well as the associated technical methodologies.It further evaluates the advantages and limitations of various detection techniques,in-cluding quantitative PCR(qPCR),digital PCR(ddPCR),and loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP),and discusses innovative strategies integrating auxiliary technologies such as lateral flow assays(LFA),inhibitor miti-gation strategies,and nanosensors.While eDNA technology offers notable advantages,challenges such as primer design,environmental interference,and false positives and negatives remain.Future research should focus on standardizing methods,using hydrodynamic models to analyze eDNA distribution,and applying third-generation sequencing technologies,thereby advancing the use of eDNA for aquatic ecosystem monitoring and species con-servation.关键词
水生生态系统/eDNA/物种特异性检测/引物选择策略/检测技术Key words
aquatic ecosystems/environmental DNA(eDNA)/species-specific detection/primer selection strategy/detection technologies分类
生物科学引用本文复制引用
王玟心,薛东秀,李渊,刘进贤..基于环境DNA的靶向物种特异性检测技术及其在水生生态系统监测中的应用[J].海洋科学,2026,50(2):73-90,18.基金项目
国家重点研究计划课题(2023YFC3108001) （2023YFC3108001）
国家重点研究计划课题(2024YFF1306804)[National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2023YFC3108001 （2024YFF1306804）
National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2024YFF1306804] （）
