摘要
Abstract
Facial aging is a degenerative process involving the skin,subcutaneous fat,and skeletal structures,which is characterized by skin laxity,volume loss,blurred contours,and the coexistence of dynamic and static wrinkles.Currently,single-modality treatments are insufficient to address increasingly complex aging concerns,whereas comprehensive anti-aging strategies have emerged as the primary clinical management approach for facial aging due to their synergistic effects,prolonged efficacy,and reduced side effects.This review summarized the multilayered physiological mechanisms underlying facial aging,including epidermal atrophy,dermal degrada-tion of collagen and elastin,subcutaneous fat atrophy,ligamentous laxity,and muscular tension imbalance.We also reviewed the assessment methods of facial aging,including Glogau grading,Fitzpatrick skin typing,VISIA imaging,and 3D modeling.Furthermore,we proposed a personal-ized combination therapy principle based on aging stages,skin types,and individual needs,and detailed the synergistic mechanisms and representative protocols integrating injectables,energy-based devices,and regenerative therapies.Finally,this review emphasizes the treatment se-quence,complication prevention,and long-term maintenance,aiming to provide a scientific and systematic framework for facial rejuvenation in the clinic.关键词
面部衰老/联合抗衰/胶原蛋白流失/容积缺失/非手术年轻化/治疗策略Key words
facial aging/combination anti-aging/collagen loss/volume deficiency/non-surgical rejuvenation/treatment strategy
