丝绸2026，Vol.63Issue(8)：75-83,9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2026.08.009
织物传质传热机理研究进展
Research progress on mass and heat transfer mechanisms in textiles
摘要
Abstract
Moisture management functional garments,solar interface evaporation fabrics,geotextiles,and fog collection fabrics have long been focal points in textile research.The development of these products relies heavily on understanding the mechanisms of mass and heat transfer within fabrics.As a"second skin"for the human body,moisture management functional garments effectively regulate perspiration generated by the body.Investigating the mechanisms of sweat transport within these garments is crucial for developing high-performance moisture management apparel.The transport of liquid and vapor water within fabrics primarily occurs both within and between fabric layers.Intra-fabric mass transfer involves both inter-yarn and intra-yarn pathways,with the fabric's material composition,structure,and external environment all influencing these mechanisms.Previous studies have predominantly employed idealized empirical models,which often lack predictive accuracy in practical applications.During the transport of liquid water,vapor,and heat within fabrics,pores of varying sizes exist within yarns,between yarns,and within the fabric itself.This complex pore structure is critical to the development of accurate mass and heat transfer models for fabrics.To effectively predict the transport behavior of liquid and vapor water within moisture-transporting fabrics,it is essential to conduct in-depth studies of wetting behavior from multiple perspectives—including the fiber and yarn levels as well as the fabric level.This will enable the development of a comprehensive thermal-moisture transfer theoretical model to guide new product development. To construct a thermo-humidity coupled model capable of accurately predicting water transport behavior within fabrics,so as to better guide the design and development of water-transporting functional textiles,the mass and heat transfer mechanisms in porous media were examined at both the yarn and fabric levels.First,water transport models based on the longitudinal and cross-sectional directions of yarns were established;capillary behaviors in woven and knitted fabrics under different weave structures were discussed,along with the influence mechanisms of surface tension and external conditions(liquid temperature,ambient humidity,etc.)on capillary behavior.Subsequently,combining Darcy's law with the Hertz-Knudsen equation,predictive models for capillary length,capillary rate,evaporation rate,and other parameters were effectively constructed,along with correlations between permeability,porosity,and capillary behavior.Finally,relevant theories on mass and heat transfer in fibrous porous media with fractal structures were summarized.This paper synthesized transient mass transfer models and mass/heat transfer models established across different research fields for porous media,with Darcy's law serving as the most common theoretical foundation for model construction.Literature findings indicate that yarn structural parameters and interlacing states significantly influence water transport behavior.Knitted fabric loop parameters(e.g.,warp/weft density,loop length)affect pore distribution and porosity within the fabric,while surface tension and external temperature/humidity also substantially impact water transport.Existing research combines capillary wicking behavior with interfacial evaporation phenomena to effectively predict fabric permeability,wicking height,and evaporation rates.In studies of fractal structure mass and heat transfer models,theoretical relationship models have been established linking fractal structure parameters and capillary wall roughness to water transport efficiency,water-air permeability functions,and thermal conductivity coefficients. Existing research on mass and heat transfer in textiles lacks investigation into the synergistic influence mechanism of yarn and fabric structural parameters on water transport behavior.Typically,studies assume uniform pore size and morphology within fabrics.However,significant factors affecting capillary action include the presence of large inter-yarn pores and small intra-yarn pores in different knitted and woven structures,as well as dynamic changes in pore size occurring when yarns absorb water.This study provides valuable insights for effectively predicting mass and heat transfer behavior in textiles,thereby aiding the development of high-performance moisture management apparel.关键词
毛细芯吸/液态水/经验模型/物理模型/纱线和织物Key words
capillary wicking/liquid water/empirical model/physical model/yarn and fabric分类
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李兴敏,徐鹏,陈晴..织物传质传热机理研究进展[J].丝绸,2026,63(8):75-83,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(52376079,52576063) （52376079,52576063）
浙江省自然科学基金项目(LZ24E060002) （LZ24E060002）
