中国当代儿科杂志2026，Vol.28Issue(8)：928-934,7.DOI:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2601077
氟康唑预防极早产儿/极低出生体重儿晚发型侵袭性真菌感染的作用:一项基于倾向评分匹配的回顾性队列研究
Efficacy of fluconazole prophylaxis for late-onset invasive fungal infection in very preterm infants/very low birth weight infants:a retrospective cohort study based on propensity score matching
摘要
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the necessity of routine fluconazole prophylaxis in very preterm infants/very low birth weight(VLBW)infants in neonatal intensive care units(NICUs)with a very low incidence of late-onset invasive fungal infection(IFI),and to inform clinical practice.Methods A retrospective cohort study using propensity score matching was conducted including eligible very preterm infants/VLBW infants admitted to the NICUs of West China Second Hospital,Sichuan University and Sichuan Provincial Children's Hospital from January 2018 to December 2023.Infants were categorized into fluconazole and non-fluconazole groups according whether they received fluconazole prophylaxis.The primary outcome was the incidence of late-onset IFI.Results A total of 1 961 infants were enrolled,with an overall late-onset IFI incidence of 0.25%(5/1 961).After propensity score matching,442 infants were included in each group.No statistically significant differences were observed between the fluconazole and non-fluconazole groups in the incidence of late-onset IFI(0.45%vs 0.23%),mortality(2.04%vs 0.90%),retinopathy of prematurity requiring surgery(6.11%vs 4.98%),intraventricular hemorrhage grade≥2(9.28%vs 6.56%),necrotizing enterocolitis stage≥2(10.18%vs 8.14%),or bronchopulmonary dysplasia(36.20%vs 36.88%),nor in length of hospital stay(48.5 days vs 50.5 days)(all P>0.05).Conclusions In NICUs with a very low incidence of late-onset IFI,routine fluconazole prophylaxis is not recommended for very preterm infants/VLBW infants.关键词
侵袭性真菌感染/氟康唑/新生儿重症监护病房/极早产儿/极低出生体重儿Key words
Invasive fungal infection/Fluconazole/Neonatal intensive care unit/Very preterm infant/Very low birth weight infant引用本文复制引用
黄方俊,应俊杰,李小洪,唐军,何洋,张萌,熊涛,夏斌,李明玉,王华,石晶,张莉..氟康唑预防极早产儿/极低出生体重儿晚发型侵袭性真菌感染的作用:一项基于倾向评分匹配的回顾性队列研究[J].中国当代儿科杂志,2026,28(8):928-934,7.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2024YFC2707700) （2024YFC2707700）
四川省自然科学基金面上项目(2025ZNSFSC0693). （2025ZNSFSC0693）
