植物遗传资源学报2026，Vol.27Issue(7)：1324-1345,22.DOI:10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.20250703001
小麦及野生近缘种资源的现状、保护和利用
Status,Conservation,and Utilization of Wheat and Its Wild Relatives
摘要
Abstract
Wheat wild relatives harbour rich genetic variations accumulated through natural evolution and serve as reservoirs of resistance genes against environmental stressors and vital genetic resources for breeding high-yield,high-quality wheat varieties.However,long-term breeding practices prioritizing yield-related traits and technical barriers in distant hybridization make modern wheat cultivars exhibit a narrow genetic base and leave numerous valuable genetic resources in wild relatives underutilized.Meanwhile,threats such as anthropogenic disturbances,habitat degradation and climate change have led to severe population decline or even extinction of some wild relatives,risking permanent loss of their unique genetic resources.Strengthened conservation efforts(especially in situ)are therefore urgently needed.This review systematically examines the taxonomy,geographic distribution of wheat wild relatives,the origin and domestication history of wheat and current genetic diversity;summarizes utilization of wild relatives in genetic improvement;critically analyses conservation status(in situ/ex situ),challenges in preserving these resources and proposes science-based strategies for effective conservation and sustainable utilization.These insights aim to provide theoretical support for driving innovative development in the wheat seed industry and ensuring food security.关键词
小麦野生近缘种/遗传资源保护/遗传多样性/作物驯化/远缘杂交Key words
wheat wild relatives/genetic resources conservation/genetic diversity/crop domestication/distant hybridization引用本文复制引用
简国燕,张富民,徐超,张金波,葛颂,孙海芹..小麦及野生近缘种资源的现状、保护和利用[J].植物遗传资源学报,2026,27(7):1324-1345,22.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1200101-02)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1200101-02) （2021YFD1200101-02）
