交通信息与安全2026，Vol.44Issue(1)：101-112,12.DOI:10.3963/j.jssn.1674-4861.2026.01.009
公交协同优化的时空Transformer-STGNN混合强化学习方法
A Spatio-temporal Transformer-STGNN Hybrid Reinforcement Learning Method for Bus Cooperative Optimization
摘要
Abstract
To address multi-objective conflicts and global ripple delays caused by local decisions,a dynamic cooper-ative optimization model is investigated.This model integrates a Spatio-Temporal Transformer and a spatiotemporal graph neural network(STGNN).A bidirectional interactive architecture for the perception and anticipation of spatio-temporal features is constructed.Dynamic dependencies of bus stops are extracted using the spatial attention mecha-nism of the Transformer.An adaptive weight matrix is generated and subsequently inputted into the STGNN as a dy-namic adjacency matrix.This network combines graph convolutional networks and causal dilated convolutions to predict risks of passenger accumulation and delay propagation.The anticipated risk scores are reversely transmitted to the temporal attention layer.Driven by risks,this closed-loop feedback mechanism adjusts the weights.Thereby,the nonlinear ripple effects in space and time generated by single scheduling decisions are quantified.A hybrid rein-forcement learning framework is designed.An improved genetic algorithm(GA)and a Deep Double Q-Network(DDQN)are nested in this framework.A Pareto front solution set is generated using the global broad search of the GA.This set serves as the initial strategy space for the DDQN.Simultaneously,the risk scores from the STGNN are introduced into the multi-objective reward function as safety constraint penalties.Consequently,the operational effi-ciency of vehicles and the travel costs of passengers are balanced.Thus,optimal coordinated control strategies for stop-skipping and holding are generated.Simulation experiments are conducted based on the operational data of Fos-han Bus Route 101 during peak hours.The results indicate that the fluctuations in headways are controlled by this strategy.Furthermore,the continuous bus bunching phenomenon is successfully avoided.Under the premise of a 0.83%increase in the average passenger waiting time,the average passenger in-vehicle time is reduced by approxi-mately 24.7%.Meanwhile,the overall vehicle travel time is shortened,and the driving speed between stops is im-proved.Compared with traditional single deep reinforcement learning algorithms,this hybrid algorithm exhibits fewer iteration counts and smaller optimization errors.The proposed model is applicable to the real-time coopera-tive scheduling for urban trunk buses with high-frequency departures.A dynamic balance of multiple scheduling strategies is achieved under the premise of controlling risk propagation.关键词
智能交通/公交运行优化/多策略协同/混合强化学习/时空图神经网络Key words
intelligent transportation/bus operation optimization/multi-strategy coordination/hybrid reinforcement learning/spatiotemporal graph neural network分类
交通工程引用本文复制引用
张韫博,周雪梅,王沛钰,徐傲,戴咏奇..公交协同优化的时空Transformer-STGNN混合强化学习方法[J].交通信息与安全,2026,44(1):101-112,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52372318)资助 （52372318）
