地球与行星物理论评（中英文）2027，Vol.58Issue(1)：65-77,13.DOI:10.19975/j.dqyxx.2025-041
气态巨行星大气涡旋研究进展
Progress in research on atmospheric vortices of gas giant planets
摘要
Abstract
The atmospheres of gas giant planets contain multi-scale vortex structures,which are not only key components of planetary weather systems but also important windows for understanding their internal dynamics and thermodynamic processes.This paper reviews recent advances in the study of atmospheric vortices on gas giants,covering their formation mechanisms,evolution,spatial distribution,lifetime characteristics,and interac-tions with background wind fields.It focuses on typical phenomena such as Jupiter's Great Red Spot and polar vor-tices,Saturn's hexagonal storm,and discusses the roles of theoretical analysis,numerical simulations,and remote sensing observations in revealing vortex dynamics.From a theoretical perspective,this paper emphasizes the con-vective formation mechanisms of gas giant vortices,including two scenarios:moist convection in the weather layer and deep thermal convection.Moist convection in the weather layer is primarily driven by latent heat release asso-ciated with solar heating,where disturbed airflows rotate and merge under the influence of the Coriolis force to form large-scale vortices.Deep thermal convection,on the other hand,is driven by internal heat at the base of the convective layer,forming vortex tubes that subsequently merge into large-scale vortices.Both mechanisms involve vortex formation through convection,but differ in heat source depth,resulting in variations in the vertical extent of vortices.Considering the complexity of Jupiter's atmosphere,these two mechanisms may act together in vortex formation.In terms of numerical simulations,this paper explores possible causes of vortex formation based on ro-tating convection simulations in fluid dynamics,including shallow-water wave models,incompressible fluid models,and compressible fluid models.The shallow-water wave model primarily investigates the evolution of random dis-turbances in the stratosphere under rotational effects,while incompressible and compressible fluid models simulate the evolution of vortical elements in thin-layer and thick-layer convection,respectively.Simulation results show that all these models can generate large-scale vortices,suggesting they may represent important mechanisms for vortex formation in gas giant atmospheres.The specific formation mechanisms of atmospheric vortices on gas giants still require further integrated research combining theory,simulation,and observation.This paper aims to provide insights and references for a deeper understanding of the complex weather systems of gas giant planets.关键词
巨行星/大气/对流/涡旋/流体动力学Key words
giant planets/atmosphere/convection/vortex/hydrodynamics分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
蔡涛..气态巨行星大气涡旋研究进展[J].地球与行星物理论评（中英文）,2027,58(1):65-77,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金资助项目(12173105) （12173105）
澳门科学与技术发展基金资助项目(0147/2023/RIA3) （0147/2023/RIA3）
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金资助项目(2024A1515012239) （2024A1515012239）
澳门科技大学研究基金资助项目(FRG-24-048-SSI) Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12173105),the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macau SAR(Grant No.0147/2023/RIA3),the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2024A1515012239),and the MUST Faculty Research Grants(Grant No.FRG-24-048-SSI) （FRG-24-048-SSI）
