重庆工商大学学报（自然科学版）2026，Vol.43Issue(4)：59-67,9.DOI:10.16055/j.issn.1672-058X.2026.0004.008
改进YOLOV4-tiny的印刷电路板缺陷检测
Improved YOLOv4-tiny for Detecting Defects on Printed Circuit Boards
摘要
Abstract
Objective To address the issues of small targets and insufficient detection accuracy in surface defect detection of printed circuit boards(PCBs),an improved YOLOv4-tiny model is proposed for PCB defect detection.This algorithm significantly improves detection accuracy while maintaining real-time efficiency.Methods First,the second residual block of the backbone feature extraction network outputted a 52×52×128 feature map.Based on this feature map,a prediction head named YOLO Head-P3 and a feature pyramid network(FPN)layer were added.These improvements enhanced the multi-scale feature fusion capability of the FPN layer and solved the structural deficiency of the original YOLOv4-tiny model in detecting small targets.Second,an improved spatial pyramid pooling(SPP)structure was integrated into the FPN to strengthen multi-scale feature fusion,thereby improving detection accuracy.Finally,the efficient channel attention network(ECAnet)was introduced.By adaptively adjusting feature weights through an attention mechanism,this network further enhanced the adaptive feature extraction capability of the model,while reducing complexity and computational demands to meet the precise requirements for small-target defect information.Results Experimental results showed that the improved algorithm achieved a mean average precision(mAP)of 97.32％,which was 7.69％higher than that of the original model,with a detection speed of 113.67 frames per second(fps).Conclusion Compared with the original model,all evaluation metrics of the improved model have been enhanced.The improved model enables real-time monitoring of small-target defects and exhibits excellent performance.关键词
YOLOv4-tiny/缺陷检测/印刷电路板/特征融合Key words
YOLOv4-tiny/defect detection/printed circuit board/feature fusion分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
钱青霞,姜媛媛..改进YOLOV4-tiny的印刷电路板缺陷检测[J].重庆工商大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,43(4):59-67,9.基金项目
安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目资助(202104G01020012) （202104G01020012）
安徽理工大学环境友好材料与职业健康研究院研发专项基金(ALW2020YF18). （ALW2020YF18）
