中国农学通报2026，Vol.42Issue(13)：1-5,5.
中日优质粳稻叶片光合及产量和品质的比较研究
A Comparative Study on Flag Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield and Quality of High-quality Japonica Rice Between China and Japan
摘要
Abstract
To clarify the differences in yield and quality of high-quality japonica rice varieties cultivated in three distinct ecological zones,namely Northeast China,the Yellow River Basin of China,and Japan,this study used three representative varieties'Jijing 81','Huangjinqing'and'Yueguang'as experimental materials.Under the conditions of unified water and fertilizer management for high-yield cultivation in the field of Xinxiang,Henan,we systematically investigated the dynamic changes in flag leaf photosynthetic rate during the growth period,as well as the yield and quality characteristics of the test varieties.The results showed that'Jijing 81'achieved the highest yield of 9.50 t/hm2,followed by'Yueguang'(7.83 t/hm2),while'Huangjinqing'had the lowest yield(6.50 t/hm2).The yield advantage of'Yueguang'was attributed to the increase of effective panicle number,with the maximum effective panicle number reaching 414400 panicles/hm2 and the minimum number of 300000 panicles/hm2.This was significantly higher than that of conventional varieties(200000 panicles/hm2)in production,indicating that all three varieties had strong tillering potential.A comprehensive analysis of appearance,processing and eating quality indicators showed that,compared with the other two varieties,'Yueguang'exhibited distinct advantages.It had a low length-width ratio of only 1.77,a chalky grain rate of 14.00%,a chalkiness degree of 5.22%and an amylose content of 14.6%,with all indicators at low levels,demonstrating that this variety had excellent and stable quality.The comparison of flag leaf photosynthetic rate indicated that during the whole grain filling period,the average photosynthetic rate of the three varieties was ranked as'Jijing 81'[19.96 μmol/(m2·s)]＞'Yueguang'[19.88 μmol/(m2·s)]＞'Huangjinqing'[16.95 μmol/(m2·s)],which was completely consistent with the yield ranking.This confirmed that the improvement of rice yield mainly depended on the increase of flag leaf photosynthetic rate,indicating a good coordination between flag leaf photosynthetic rate and yield,and no synergistic relationship was observed between quality and yield.In conclusion,flag leaf photosynthetic rate can be used as a core reference index for high-yield japonica rice breeding.For high-quality japonica rice breeding,the criterion of low chalkiness,low amylose content,and high head rice rate and high eating quality value should be taken as the key breeding direction.关键词
粳稻/产量/品质/东北粳稻/沿黄粳稻/日本粳稻Key words
japonica rice/yield/quality/Northeast japonica rice/Yellow River japonica rice/Japanese japonica rice分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
孙建权,王书玉,殷春渊,黄金华,刘贺梅,胡秀明,王和乐,张金霞,张倩倩,田芳慧..中日优质粳稻叶片光合及产量和品质的比较研究[J].中国农学通报,2026,42(13):1-5,5.基金项目
河南省现代农业产业技术体系"粳稻遗传育种岗位专家"(HARS-22-03-G1) （HARS-22-03-G1）
河南省重点研发专项"优质高产绿色高效水稻新品种选育与应用"(231111110500) （231111110500）
河南省科技攻关计划项目"基于香味基因Badh2创制优质、抗病香稻新种质"(242102110276) （242102110276）
河南省科技攻关计划项目"基于蜡质基因Wx调控直链淀粉含量创制优良食味软米新种质"(252102110294). （252102110294）
