高原气象2026，Vol.45Issue(4)：935-953,19.DOI:10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2025.00117
青藏高原地气间二氧化碳通量观测研究进展
Progress in observational studies on carbon dioxide fluxes between the atmosphere and the surface on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
摘要
Abstract
As a globally significant ecological security barrier and climate-sensitive region,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP)plays a crucial role in regional and global carbon cycles.In recent years,climate warming and ecosystem changes have led to a complex pattern of concurrent strengthening and weakening in the plateau's car-bon sink capacity.To accurately assess the spatiotemporal patterns and mechanisms of carbon dioxide(CO ₂)fluxes over QXP terrestrial ecosystems,researchers have established a flux observation network centered on ed-dy covariance techniques since the 1980s.This network now covers various surface types including grasslands,shrublands,wetlands,and lakes.The integration of satellite remote sensing and machine learning has further fa-cilitated the upscaling from point-based measurements to regional estimates.Studies indicate that alpine mead-ows serve as stable and strong carbon sinks,with mean annual net ecosystem exchange(NEE)generally below-100 g·C·m ⁻ ²·y ⁻ ¹.In contrast,alpine steppes exhibit weaker sink strength,largely regulated by precipitation.Wetland and marsh ecosystems show high spatiotemporal heterogeneity in CO₂ fluxes,with hydrological dynam-ics and seasonal freeze-thaw processes driving their shifts between carbon sink and source states.Lakes on the plateau also act as carbon sinks,though the magnitude of CO₂ exchange varies significantly across lakes,reflect-ing integrated effects of climate,hydrology,and riparian vegetation.At the regional scale,grassland carbon sink strength is notably higher in the eastern and northeastern parts of the plateau compared to the arid west,indicat-ing control by climatic and ecological factors such as temperature,precipitation,and vegetation productivity.High spatiotemporal resolution remote sensing products reveal an overall strengthening trend in the grassland car-bon sink over the past several decades,primarily attributed to extended growing seasons and increased vegeta-tion cover under a warming and wetting climate.However,several uncertainties remain,including sparse distri-bution of flux stations in western and high-altitude regions,large parameter discrepancies among flux models,in-adequate representation of carbon emissions in permafrost zones,and a lack of systematic assessment of land use change impacts on CO ₂ fluxes.Moreover,interannual variability in ecosystem productivity and soil respiration introduces additional complexity in quantifying the long-term carbon balance of the plateau.Future studies ur-gently need to integrate multi-source observation technologies-such unmanned aerial vehicles,satellite remote sensing,and subsurface monitoring-to enhance long-term monitoring of land-atmosphere feedbacks and ecologi-cal processes,and develop mechanism-based models that couple human activities with ecological responses.These advances will provide a scientific foundation for improving the accuracy of carbon sink estimates on the plateau,understanding its dynamics,and supporting China's"Dual Carbon"strategy.关键词
青藏高原/CO2通量/涡动相关法/CO2通量观测网络Key words
Qinghai-Xizang Plateau/CO₂ flux/eddy covariance/CO2 flux observation network分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
马耀明,赵文清,石兴东,孙丽君,徐悦,谈昌蓉,张强,周晓雯,蔡征岭,李轩,李帷墨,王宾宾,胡泽勇,马伟强,王玉阳,谢志鹏,马彬,姚楠..青藏高原地气间二氧化碳通量观测研究进展[J].高原气象,2026,45(4):935-953,19.基金项目
中国科学院国际伙伴计划之中国科学院与美国联邦科研机构合作项目(162GJHZ2025079MI) （162GJHZ2025079MI）
国家自然科学基金项目(42230610) （42230610）
