海洋科学2026，Vol.50Issue(3)：78-85,8.DOI:10.11759/hykx20260113001
环境DNA与环境RNA技术在鱼类多样性研究中的应用进展
Application progress of environmental DNA and environ-mental RNA technology in fish diversity research
陈红 1谷先坤 2贾永鑫 1杨俊逸 1朱嘉辉 2马小峻 1徐俊华 3殷稼雯1
作者信息
- 1. 上海海洋大学,上海 201306||江苏省淡水水产研究所,江苏 南京 210017
- 2. 江苏省淡水水产研究所,江苏 南京 210017||南京师范大学,江苏 南京 210023
- 3. 常州市金坛区溧阳市长荡湖水产管理委员会管理处,江苏 常州 213224
- 折叠
摘要
Abstract
Fish diversity is critical for the health of aquatic ecosystems and the sustainable development of fisheries.Traditional monitoring techniques for larval fish and rare species suffer from bottlenecks such as high invasiveness and low detection rates.Environmental nucleic acid-based technologies,including environmental DNA and RNA(eDNA and eRNA,respectively),help identify aquatic species by capturing their genetic material released into the water,offering a noninvasive solution for monitoring fish diversity.eDNA is suitable for large-scale and long-term continuous observation,with high detection sensitivity and distinct advantages for extremely low-density popula-tions.By contrast,eRNA can effectively indicate the most recent activity and survival status of species owing to its rapid degradation,helping eliminate false positive results obtained owing to DNA from dead organisms.However,its instability imposes higher requirements on sampling and data analysis.This study points out that eDNA is ap-propriate for biodiversity surveys,whereas eRNA is more advantageous in confirming species survival and moni-toring short-term bioprocesses.Meanwhile,current technologies face several challenges,including the lack of standardized sampling protocols,insufficient primer specificity,and incomplete reference databases.Future direc-tions are proposed to establish technical specifications,promote uniformity in eRNA technology,improve genetic databases,and foster the synergistic application of eDNA quantitative models and eRNA real-time monitoring,so as to provide highly accurate molecular-level monitoring strategies for the conservation and surveillance of aquatic ecosystems.关键词
环境DNA/环境RNA/鱼类多样性/生态监测Key words
environmental DNA/environmental RNA/fish diversity/ecological monitoring分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
陈红,谷先坤,贾永鑫,杨俊逸,朱嘉辉,马小峻,徐俊华,殷稼雯..环境DNA与环境RNA技术在鱼类多样性研究中的应用进展[J].海洋科学,2026,50(3):78-85,8.
