集成技术2026，Vol.15Issue(5)：249-266,18.DOI:10.12146/j.issn.2095-3135.20260809001
癌症核酸疫苗的研究进展:从技术创新到临床转化
Research Progress of Cancer Nucleic Acid Vaccines:From Technological Innovation to Clinical Translation
摘要
Abstract
Cancer nucleic acid vaccines activate specific antitumor immunity by delivering nucleic acid sequences encoding tumor antigens and have emerged as a promising approach in precision cancer immunotherapy.Compared with conventional protein-based and cell-based vaccines,nucleic acid vaccines offer advantages including flexible design,rapid manufacturing,and feasibility for personalized development.The clinical application of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines has facilitated advances in nucleoside modification technologies and lipid nanoparticle delivery platforms,supporting the translation of therapeutic cancer vaccines.The integration of high-throughput sequencing with artificial intelligence-based neoantigen identification has promoted the transition of cancer vaccines from empirical design toward precision personalized immunotherapy.Currently,multiple cancer nucleic acid vaccines have entered clinical studies in melanoma,pancreatic cancer,non-small cell lung cancer,and other malignancies,demonstrating favorable immunogenicity and therapeutic potential.Personalized mRNA vaccines combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors are being investigated in clinical settings,with application strategies expanding from treatment of advanced disease to adjuvant therapy and minimal residual disease intervention.This review summarizes the key technological advances and clinical progress of cancer nucleic acid vaccines,discusses current challenges including neoantigen prediction accuracy,delivery efficiency,and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment,and highlights future directions involving artificial intelligence-assisted antigen design and combination therapeutic strategies.关键词
癌症核酸疫苗/mRNA疫苗/肿瘤免疫治疗/新抗原/个体化治疗Key words
cancer nucleic acid vaccine/mRNA vaccine/tumor immunotherapy/neoantigen/individualized therapy分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
Mark Akinola IGE,李俊鑫,万晓春..癌症核酸疫苗的研究进展:从技术创新到临床转化[J].集成技术,2026,15(5):249-266,18.基金项目
深圳医学研究基金项目(B2404003) This work is supported by Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(B2404003) （B2404003）
