石油科学通报2026，Vol.11Issue(4)：1048-1064,17.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2026.02.037
水力压裂物理模拟中分布式光纤监测的应用与研究进展
Advances in distributed fiber-optic monitoring for hydraulic fracturing physical modeling
摘要
Abstract
Laboratory-scale physical simulation experiments of hydraulic fracturing make it possible to reproduce fracture initiation,propagation,and closure under controllable conditions.By representing these sequential stages in a controlled experimental environment,such experiments provide an important means of investigating the evolution of fracture geometry,the redistribution of stress associated with fracture growth,and the mechanisms governing interactions between fractures.However,conventional monitoring approaches used in physical simulation experiments rely largely on point sensors,particularly acoustic-emission transducers and strain gauges.Because the number of measuring points is limited and their spatial distribution is discrete,the resulting monitoring signals are spatially sparse and discontinuous.It is therefore difficult to continuously capture the spatiotemporal evolution of the strain field during fracture propagation or to identify the corresponding response patterns throughout the fracturing process.Distributed fiber-optic sensing provides high-density spatial sampling,continuous measurement along the sensing fiber,and real-time response.These capabilities offer a new technical route for refined monitoring and mechanism-oriented interpretation in physical simulation experiments of hydraulic fracturing.Focusing on laboratory-scale physical modeling of hydraulic fracturing,this paper systematically reviews three categories of fiber-optic sensing technology:quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating sensing(FBG),distributed strain sensing based on optical frequency-domain reflectometry(DSS-OFDR),and distributed acoustic sensing based on optical time-domain reflectometry(DAS-OTDR).For each category,the sensing mechanism,characteristic signal responses,and principal interpretation methods are summarized.Representative studies conducted in China and abroad are further compared with respect to their experimental systems and key observational indicators,thereby clarifying how different fiber-optic techniques have been incorporated into laboratory hydraulic-fracturing experiments.At the level of experimental methodology,typical fiber-deployment approaches and experimental paradigms under different specimen materials and loading conditions are reviewed.These include embedded fiber arrangements in transparent-medium visualization experiments,where fracture development can be observed directly and compared with the measured fiber-optic responses.The review also covers fiber anchoring and bonding in cement-based rock-like specimens under true-triaxial loading,together with equivalent multiwell deployment concepts designed to represent the spatial relationships among different wells in a controlled physical model.These experimental arrangements demonstrate how fiber-optic monitoring can be adapted to different materials,loading systems,and observation objectives.With further emphasis on advances in interpretation techniques,this paper summarizes methods for characterizing fracture geometry from offset-well strain monitoring and analyzes the characteristic fiber-optic strain responses associated with fracture evolution in true-triaxial physical models.It also outlines the identification of microseismic events from fiber-optic measurements and the application of these events to monitoring the dynamic hydraulic-frac-turing process.The reviewed studies show that distributed fiber-optic monitoring is progressing from the recognition of basic fracture responses toward refined characterization of fracture geometry and interpretation of dynamic fracture evolution.Future research should strengthen experimental calibration and methodological standardization,promote the joint interpretation of strain and acoustic responses,and advance the quantitative inversion of fracture parameters.These developments will provide support for the design of physical simulation experiments,the interpretation of monitoring data,and the validation of related models.关键词
水力压裂/物模实验/分布式光纤传感/应变监测/微震监测Key words
hydraulic fracturing/physical modeling experiments/distributed fiber-optic sensing/strain monitoring/microseis-mic monitoring分类
能源科技引用本文复制引用
翁定为,唐金,才博,付海峰..水力压裂物理模拟中分布式光纤监测的应用与研究进展[J].石油科学通报,2026,11(4):1048-1064,17.基金项目
新型油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项"深层煤岩气成藏机理与效益开发技术"(2025ZD1404200)、中国石油天然气股份有限公司攻关性应用性科技专项"非常规储层改造关键技术研究"(2023ZZ28)和中国石油天然气股份有限公司基础性前瞻性科技专项"页岩油气开发机理与体积开发技术研究"(2023ZZ08)联合资助 （2025ZD1404200）
