能源研究与管理2026，Vol.18Issue(3)：15-22,8.DOI:10.16056/j.2096-7705.2026.03.002
美国关键矿产价格下限机制:制度设计、影响与应对
The U.S.Critical Minerals Price Floor Mechanism:Institutional Design,Impacts,and China's Response
摘要
Abstract
The critical-minerals price-floor mechanism is becoming an important policy tool for the United States to restructure critical-minerals supply chains and strengthen its influence over pricing and trade rules.In response to the high concentration of processing capacity,sharp mineral price fluctuations,and financing constraints facing domestic projects,the United States is advancing relevant arrangements through project contracts,import-adjustment measures,and coordination with interna-tional partners.A review of U.S.policy documents,corporate disclosures,and international organization data distinguishes project-level price protection,border price instruments,and supporting measures such as stockpiling,financing,and futures,while examining their operating logic in terms of risk allocation,cost transmission,and institutional expansion from four aspects:definition,operation,potential impacts,and China's responses.Evidence indicates that these arrangements are advan-cing along the path of"project contracts,domestic policy authorization,and transnational coordination".Price protection for neodymium-praseodymium has entered implementation,import-adjustment measures have provided a policy basis for price instruments,and partner action plans and plurilateral negotiations are extending the mechanism beyond individual projects.Fiscal compensation for price gaps helps stabilize project cash flows,while mineral stockpiling,financing,futures,and other policies provide complementary support.Although these arrangements are unlikely to replace China's industrial-chain advan-tages in the near term,changes in overseas price benchmarks,market access,investment flows,and supply-chain rules may reshape competitive conditions.China should consolidate its midstream technological and industrial advantages,make export controls more precise and predictable,improve strategic reserves,renminbidenominated pricing,and risk-management tools,and strengthen corporate traceability,cooperation with resource rich countries,and participation in international rule-making.关键词
关键矿产/价格下限机制/供应链安全/联盟协调/战略贸易政策Key words
critical minerals/price-floor mechanism/supply chain security/alliance coordination/strategic trade policy分类
能源科技引用本文复制引用
李默洁..美国关键矿产价格下限机制:制度设计、影响与应对[J].能源研究与管理,2026,18(3):15-22,8.基金项目
中国财政科学研究院2026年度招标课题"碳市场的财政效应研究:地方支出响应与配额有偿分配收入管理"(2026QN-LL05) （2026QN-LL05）
