环境与职业医学2026，Vol.43Issue(8)：994-1001,8.DOI:10.11836/JEOM26071
2020-2025年上海市制造业职业病危害现状与时空变化趋势分析
Current status and spatiotemporal trends of occupational disease hazards in manufacturing sector of Shanghai from 2020 to 2025
摘要
Abstract
[Background]As a traditional labor-intensive industry,the manufacturing sector is an important source of occupational exposure to hazards such as dust,toxic chemicals,and noise. [Objective]To analyze the current status and spatiotemporal patterns of occupational hazards including dust,toxic chemicals,and noise in manufacturing workplaces in Shanghai from 2020 to 2025,and to provided evidence for optimizing targeted prevention and control strategies. [Methods]Workplace monitoring data for manufacturing enterprises in Shanghai were obtained from the National Occupational Hazard Factor Monitoring System for Workplaces.Descriptive analyses were conducted to evaluate the exceedance rates of occupational hazard factors related to occupational exposure limits.GeoDa software was utilized to perform spatial autocorrelation analysis of hazard-specific exceedance rates to identify spatial clustering patterns. [Results]From 2020 to 2025,the number of monitored manufacturing enterprises in Shanghai increased from 374 to 504.The monitored enterprises were mainly small and micro enterprises located in suburban areas.Over the six-year period,the exceedance rate for dust-exposed work posts decreased from 21.05%to 10.03%,whereas the exceedance rate for chemical toxicant-exposed work posts remained below 3%.Noise showed the highest and most persistent exceedance rate remaining over 20%throughout the study period.Spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that high-high clusters of dust hazards were consistently concentrated in suburban districts,including Qingpu,Jinshan,and Songjiang.The spatial pattern of chemical toxicant hazards changed over time,with high-low clusters later concentrated in Baoshan and Minhang.High-high clusters of noise hazards showed an expanding pattern,spreading from Qingpu and Songjiang to several other districts,including Jiading,Minhang,and Fengxian. [Conclusion]Occupational hazards in the manufacturing sector of Shanghai are mainly characterized by exceedances related to dust and noise,with noise emerging as the most persistent and spatially expanding monitored hazard.These hazards exhibit clear spatial hetero-geneity:dust-related risks are concentrated in traditional industrial areas,chemical toxicant risks change dynamically with the spatial dis-tribution of industries,and noise-related risks expand across multiple districts.Future occupational interventions should prioritize noise control and implement targeted prevention strategies based on spatial clustering characteristics.关键词
职业病危害因素/制造业/时空变化/空间自相关分析/精准防控Key words
occupational hazard factor/manufacturing industry/spatiotemporal variation/spatial autocorrelation analysis/targeted pre-vention and control分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
蒲立力,高童宁,尹艳..2020-2025年上海市制造业职业病危害现状与时空变化趋势分析[J].环境与职业医学,2026,43(8):994-1001,8.基金项目
上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2023-2025年)(GWV-11.1-37) （2023-2025年）
