皮肤性病诊疗学杂志2026，Vol.33Issue(8)：615-622,8.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8468.2026.08.009
白癜风先天免疫激活的机制特征与临床监测进展
Mechanisms of innate immune activation and advances in clinical monitoring in vitiligo
摘要
Abstract
Vitiligo is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by acquired depigmen-tation and involves complex interactions among oxidative stress,genetic susceptibility,immune dysregulation,and microenvironmental abnormalities.Emerging evidence indicates that innate im-mune activation plays a pivotal role in both the initiation and maintenance of disease activity in vit-iligo.Oxidative stress-induced melanocyte promotes the release of damage-associated molecular patterns,which activate pattern recognition receptors,including Toll-like receptors,NOD-like re-ceptors,and the receptor for advanced glycation end products.This process subsequently activates dendritic cells,natural killer cells,and innate lymphoid cells,thereby amplifying inflammatory cascades and promoting adaptive immune activation through the IFN-γ/CXCL9/CXCL10 axis.In addition,emerging mechanisms such as ferroptosis,cuproptosis,and exosome-mediated immune regulation have been implicated in melanocyte injury and amplification of inflammation.With ad-vances in reflectance confocal microscopy,optical coherence tomography,multiphoton microsco-py,and serum biomarker assays,evaluation of vitiligo activity has gradually shifted from conven-tional morphological assessment toward dynamic,and precision-oriented monitoring based on dis-ease-mechanisms.This review summarizes the core mechanisms of innate immune activation in vit-iligo and their interactions with adaptive immunity,with particular emphasis on recent advances in noninvasive imaging,molecular biomarkers,multi-omics approaches,and artificial intelligence-assisted monitoring strategies.Current limitations and future perspectives for clinical translation are also discussed to inform precision diagnosis and individualized management of vitiligo.关键词
白癜风/先天免疫激活/损伤相关分子模式/反射式共聚焦显微镜/模式识别受体Key words
vitiligo/innate immune activation/damage-associated molecular patterns/reflectance confocal microscopy/pattern recognition receptors引用本文复制引用
王玉婷,余雅琪,徐达..白癜风先天免疫激活的机制特征与临床监测进展[J].皮肤性病诊疗学杂志,2026,33(8):615-622,8.基金项目
湖北省自然科学基金(2026AFB422) （2026AFB422）
襄阳市博士启动金(2024BS07) （2024BS07）
襄阳市中心医院院级课题(2023YB20) （2023YB20）
