上海预防医学2026，Vol.38Issue(7)：527-535,9.DOI:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2026.250250
上海市徐汇区常住老年居民慢性病共病模式与日常活动能力的关联
Association between chronic disease comorbidity patterns and activities of daily living among permanent elderly residents in Xuhui District of Shanghai
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]To investigate the patterns of chronic disease comorbidity among permanent elderly residents in Xuhui District of Shanghai,and to analyze the impact of different comorbidity patterns on the elderly's ability to perform activities of daily living.[Methods]Based on data from the 2015 and 2021 Surveys on Health Status and Health Service Utilization among Permanent Residents in Xuhui District of Shanghai,the study included permanent residents who fully participated in both surveys,were aged 60 years or older at the 2015 survey,self-reported having a chronic disease,and reported no significant changes in their chronic disease status between the two surveys.A prospective cohort study design was adopted,using the 2015 data as the baseline and the 2021 survey data as follow-up data.Physical examinations and questionnaire surveys were conducted by the Shanghai Xuhui District Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the subdistricts and towns within the jurisdiction from April to July in both 2015 and 2021.Latent class analysis(LCA)was used to classify comorbidity patterns across 11 types of chronic diseases.The smaller the values of the Akaike information criterion(AIC),the Bayesian information criterion(BIC),and the sample-corrected Bayesian information criterion(aBIC),the better the model fits.The Barthel index(BI)and the Lawton and Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale(LB-IADL)were used to assess the participants'activities of daily living(ADL)and instrumental activities of daily living(IADL).Multiple linear regression and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between different comorbidity patterns and ADL and IADL.[Results]A total of 1 608 study participants were enrolled.Among them,671(41.73%)self-reported having no chronic diseases.The prevalence of 11 types of chronic diseases was as follows:hypertension in 743 participants(46.21%),heart disease in 148 participants(9.20%),cerebrovascular disease in 37 participants(2.30%),diabetes or abnormal blood glucose in 310 participants(19.28%),other endocrine system diseases(non-diabetic)in 39 participants(2.43%),malignant tumors in 37 participants(2.30%),chronic lung disease in 16 participants(1.00%),gout in 8 participants(0.50%),musculoskeletal disorders in 34 participants(2.11%),gastric or digestive system diseases in 27 participants(1.68%),and dyslipidemia in 15 participants(0.93%).LCA was used to classify comorbidity patterns of chronic diseases among older adults into 1 to 9 latent category combinations.Model 5(i.e.,5 latent categories)had the lowest BIC(7 112.69)and aBIC(6 909.38),with a relatively low AIC(6 768.20),indicating the best model fit;thus,five latent categories represented the optimal combination in this study.The five latent categories(and their respective proportions of study participants)were the healthy control group(41.73%),the hypertension group(31.28%),the diabetes-hypertension group(19.28%),the severe illness group(5.29%),and the other metabolic diseases group(2.43%).According to multiple linear regression analyses,compared with the healthy control group,the diabetes-hypertension group had significantly lower BI-20 scores(b=-0.952,95%CI:-1.317--0.587,P<0.001)and lower IADL scores(b=-0.744,95%CI:-0.999--0.489,P<0.001);the severe illness group(b=-0.644,95%CI:-1.072--0.217,P=0.003)and the hypertension group(b=-0.344,95%CI:-0.562--0.125,P=0.002)had lower IADL scores.According to multivariate logistic regression analyses,compared with the healthy control group,older adults in the diabetes-hypertension group had a higher risk of disability(OR=2.835,95%CI:1.392-5.774),impaired ADL function(OR=2.470,95%CI:1.637-3.726),and impaired IADL function(OR=1.739,95%CI:1.264-2.392);older adults in the severe illness group had a higher risk of impaired ADL function(OR=2.206,95%CI:1.171-4.155).[Conclusion]Among the elderly participating in the Survey on Health Status and Health Service Utilization of Permanent Residents in Xuhui District of Shanghai,diabetes-hypertension is one of the key chronic disease comorbidity combinations and has adverse effects on both ADL and IADL.Community health management should prioritize the elderly with diabetes-hypertension comorbidity,and strengthen early screening and comprehensive interventions to slow the decline in ADL and IADL.关键词
老年人/慢性病/共病模式/日常活动能力/工具性日常活动能力/潜在类别分析Key words
the elderly/chronic disease/comorbidity pattern/activity of daily living/instrumental activity of daily living/latent class analysis分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
徐芊,张小红,钱孝琳,朱菁,陈芸,严非,付朝伟,顾海雁..上海市徐汇区常住老年居民慢性病共病模式与日常活动能力的关联[J].上海预防医学,2026,38(7):527-535,9.基金项目
徐汇区卫生健康委员会面上项目(SXH202418) （SXH202418）
