植物营养与肥料学报2026，Vol.32Issue(8)：1701-1713,13.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2026023
渭北旱塬冬小麦籽粒千粒重变化特征及其影响因素
Variation in 1000-kernel weight and its influencing factors in winter wheat in the Weibei Dryland
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives]Based on multi-year,multi-site field experiments and on-farm survey data from the Weibei Dryland region,this study aimed to assess the changes in winter wheat 1000-kernel weight(TKW)and explore the key factors affecting TKW,and then provide a theoretical basis for increasing winter wheat yield.[Methods]Field experiments and on-farm surveys were conducted in nine counties of the Weibei Dryland region,Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023.Wheat plants and soil samples were collected at maturity for analysis.Based on the mean TKW,all samples were classified into high(H),medium(M),and low(L)groups using a±10％deviation threshold.The relationships between TKW and yield components,nutrient uptake,and climate conditions were subsequently analyzed.[Results]The average TKW was 49.6 g,with 62.8％of the samples ranging from 42 to 54 g.TKW was positively correlated with grain yield and kernel number per spike(Y=0.0014x+39.8482,R2=0.17,P<0.01;Y=0.2288x+42.7303,R2=0.04,P<0.01,respectively),negatively correlated with spike number per unit area(Y=-0.0084x+53.5725,R2=0.03,P<0.05).Compared with the M and L groups,grain yield in the H group increased by 11.6％and 33.4％,respectively;kernel number per spike increased by 7.8％and 10.4％,whereas spike numbers per unit area decreased by 12.9％and 14.1％,respectively.Nitrogen application rates in the H and M groups were significantly higher than those in the L group,and the phosphorus application rates in the M group were significantly higher than those in the L group.Significant differences were found in nitrogen content in different organs among the groups.Compared with the M and L groups,grain nitrogen content in the H group decreased by 7.1％and 13.0％,respectively.Moreover,compared with the L group,aboveground P uptake in the M and H groups increased by 17.1％and 19.6％respectively,and aboveground K uptake increased by 40.6％and 44.7％,respectively.The TKW had a significant positive linear correlation with the precipitation during the period from sowing to regreening and the summer fallow period,respectively(Y=0.017x+40.7348,R2=0.06,P<0.01;Y=0.0278x+34.7865,R2=0.13,P<0.01),whereas it had a significant negative linear correlation with the precipitation during the period from anthesis to maturity(Y=-0.029x+46.4653,R2=0.03,P<0.01)and the growing degree-days during the grain-filling period(Y=-0.0434x+68.8940,R2=0.04,P<0.01),respectively.Significant differences in both TKW and grain yield were observed among wheat cultivars.Random Forest analysis indicated that precipitation from sowing to the regreening,cultivar,and summer fallow precipitation were the primary drivers affecting TKW,collectively accounting for 26.0％of the total variable importance.Among fertilization rates,plant nutrient indices,and soil nutrient indices,the most influential factors on TKW were identified as N application rate,grain K content,and soil available K,respectively.[Conclusions]Winter wheat TKW was significantly associated with grain yield in the Weibei Dryland region.Precipitation from sowing to the regreening,cultivar,and summer fallow precipitation were identified as the primary driving factors affecting TKW.In production,it is recommended to enhance soil moisture conservation during the early growth stages,along with rational N and P fertilization and appropriately increasing K fertilizer application,to improve wheat TKW in this area and thereby improve food security.关键词
渭北旱塬/冬小麦/千粒重/产量/气候条件Key words
Weibei Dryland/winter wheat/1000-kernel weight/grain yield/climatic conditions引用本文复制引用
毛晨扬,刘金山,邱炜红,杨文杰,谢江,冉雅宁,李艳行,贾兵丽,袁雪荣,张义涵,王朝辉..渭北旱塬冬小麦籽粒千粒重变化特征及其影响因素[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2026,32(8):1701-1713,13.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900700,2018YFD0200400). （2021YFD1900700,2018YFD0200400）
