北京大学学报（自然科学版）2026，Vol.62Issue(5)：1150-1166,17.DOI:10.13209/j.0479-8023.2026.044
地下水背景值评估方法研究现状与展望
Research Progress and Prospects of Groundwater Background Levels Assessment Methods
摘要
Abstract
This review systematically summarizes the evolution of the concept of groundwater background levels and discusses the transition from the traditional concept of static background values to the contemporary concept of dynamic background levels.Based on this framework,existing assessment approaches are classified into five categories:empirical methods,statistical methods,pre-screening methods,data-driven methods,and integrated assessment methods.Their theoretical basis,applicability,advantages,and limitations are comparatively evaluated,and representative case studies are synthesized to illustrate their practical applications and methodological evolution.The review indicates that groundwater background assessment is shifting from conventional statistical identification toward integrated frameworks that combine multi-source data fusion,hydrogeochemical process constraints,and intelligent data-driven models.Despite substantial methodological advances,several challenges remain,including the quantitative separation of geogenic and anthropogenic contributions,insufficient characterization of the spatiotemporal variability of groundwater background levels,and limited transferability of assessment methods across regions with contrasting hydrogeological settings.Future research should strengthen the integration of hydrogeochemical process-based understanding with data-driven modeling,establish regional groundwater back-ground databases supported by long-term monitoring networks,and promote the transition of groundwater back-ground levels from research-oriented reference values to regionalized and dynamic benchmarks for environmen-tal management.These efforts will provide a more robust scientific basis for groundwater contamination identifica-tion,environmental risk management,and the sustainable utilization of groundwater resources.关键词
地下水/地下水背景值(GBLs)/水文地球化学/评估方法/多方法集成Key words
groundwater/groundwater background levels(GBLs)/hydrogeochemistry/assessment methods/integrated assessment methods引用本文复制引用
袁子婷,耿文静,王琪,董瑞海,何微,侯钦宣,郭海全,黄冠星..地下水背景值评估方法研究现状与展望[J].北京大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,62(5):1150-1166,17.基金项目
河北省重大科技支撑计划(242S4201Z)、中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所基本科研业务费(SK202402)、河北省省级水利科技计划(2024-23)、河北省土地整治专项资金(13000023P006CA410288Y)和河北省地质资源环境监测与保护重点实验室项目(JCYKT202305)资助 （242S4201Z）
