北京工业大学学报（社会科学版）2026，Vol.26Issue(5)：95-110,16.DOI:10.12120/bjutskxb202605095
意识的极限条件与机器意识的可能性
The Limit Conditions of Consciousness and the Possibility of Machine Consciousness
摘要
Abstract
The advancement in large language models and intelligent agent applications has begun to usher in the intelligence revolution.Yet there exists a profound divergence regarding the issue of machine consciousness.This divergence extends beyond mere academic and technological debates,but rather has a decisive impact on the strategic positioning and global governance architecture of the AI industry.This article,starting from relational realism,argues that the limiting condition of consciousness is an extreme self-referential relationship formed by cognitive consciousness(C1)and self-referential consciousness(C2).Based on this framework,it clarifies that the prerequisite for realizing consciousness is non-objective self-awareness and the formation of non-objective self-referential relationships.On this basis and with the help of the recursive approximation in a broad sense,it distinguishes several possibilities of machine consciousness,defines the hierarchy of intelligent agent subjectivity,and clarifies the basic conditions and judgment criteria for intelligent machines to become quasi-subjects.Accordingly,a hierarchical and gradual alignment strategy for intelligent agents is proposed,which not only adopts a conservative strategy to prevent the extremely low-probability risks of machine consciousness,but also does not hinder the development of general artificial intelligence as a pure intelligent tool.关键词
智能机器/机器意识/关系实在论/自我指涉/意识的极限条件/主体性层级/渐进对齐Key words
intelligent machine/machine consciousness/relational realism/self-referentiality/limit conditions of consciousness/subjectivity hierarchy/gradual alignment分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
张昌盛..意识的极限条件与机器意识的可能性[J].北京工业大学学报（社会科学版）,2026,26(5):95-110,16.基金项目
中国社会科学院哲学研究所创新工程项目重点项目(2026ZXSCX04) （2026ZXSCX04）
