铁道科学与工程学报2026，Vol.23Issue(8)：3563-3578,16.DOI:10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20251552
高速列车隧道洞口缓冲结构研究综述
Review of tunnel portal hoods for high-speed trains
摘要
Abstract
As a new type of rail transit,high-speed trains have injected strong impetus into the national economy.However,due to the mountainous terrain in China,the extension of railways is accompanied by a significant increase in the number of tunnels.When a train enters a tunnel,the"piston effect"generates an initial compression wave,which radiates a micro-pressure wave outward when it propagates to the tunnel exit.As the train speed increases,the amplitude of the micro-pressure wave gradually increases.To minimize the harm it causes to the environment as much as possible,setting up a hood at the entrance is an effective engineering measure to alleviate this problem.This article systematically reviewed the relevant research work in recent years,elaborating on the generation,evolution,and radiation mechanism of initial compression waves when trains enter tunnels,as well as the criteria for determining the steeping and attenuation of compression waves.The effects of entrance hoods with different configurations were summarized,and the review showed that five types of hoods,including opening,oblique cutting,section enlargement,horn,and combination,can effectively suppress micro-pressure waves by reducing the pressure gradient of the exit compression wave.However,their relief effect on the amplitude of the compression wave is limited.Based on existing research results,the corresponding structural characteristic parameters of the entrance hood were summarized.In addition,based on the new mitigation ideas of domestic and foreign scholars for vehicle/tunnel aerodynamic loads,it was preliminarily found that the collaborative mitigation scheme between the tunnel entrance and the interior is expected to further enhance the potential of the entrance hood,especially for mitigating the amplitude of micro-pressure wave in the tunnel of 600 km/h high-speed maglev trains.This article provides important reference for the design and research of hoods at the entrance of high-speed train tunnels,aiming to further promote the development of micro-pressure wave suppression technology for high-speed railway tunnels that conforms to future trends,in order to ensure the comfort,stability,and environmental friendliness of high-speed train rides.关键词
高速铁路/高速列车/铁路隧道/缓冲结构/微气压波Key words
high-speed railway/high-speed train/railway tunnel/hood/micro-pressure wave分类
交通工程引用本文复制引用
赫浩天,姚拴宝,陈大伟,曹军,卫梦杰,刘峰..高速列车隧道洞口缓冲结构研究综述[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2026,23(8):3563-3578,16.基金项目
国家自然科学青年科学基金资助项目(52002265) （52002265）
高速磁浮运载技术全国重点实验室开放基金资助项目(SKLM-SFCF-2023-006) （SKLM-SFCF-2023-006）
山西省省筹资金资助回国留学人员科研项目(2023-056) （2023-056）
山西省基础研究计划资助项目(202403021221051) （202403021221051）
山西省研究生实践创新项目(2025SJ122) （2025SJ122）
