铁道科学与工程学报2026，Vol.23Issue(8)：4018-4031,14.DOI:10.19713/j.cnki.43-1423/u.T20251637
复杂环境铁路的轻量级防灾数据跨链聚合方案
Lightweight disaster prevention data cross-chain aggregation scheme for complex environment railways
摘要
Abstract
Railways in complex environments face multiple disaster threats,such as debris flows,rainfall,and sandstorms.Existing monitoring systems,characterized by fragmented development across different professions,suffer from severe"data silos"and fail to meet the demands for efficient cross-domain collaboration.Furthermore,constrained by the scarce computational and communication resources of edge equipment,current solutions struggle to support high-overhead privacy protection algorithms,leading to risks of privacy leakage and single points of failure.To address these challenges,this paper proposed a lightweight cross-chain aggregation scheme for railway disaster monitoring data.First,a two-tier"Device layer-Notary layer"cross-chain aggregation architecture was constructed.This hierarchical framework aligned with the organizational structure and data flow of railway disaster prevention monitoring.By selecting reliable notary nodes to proactively collect and aggregate data from multiple independent device-layer blockchains that adopt differentiated on-chain strategies for heterogeneous characteristics of different disasters,it effectively broke down inter-chain barriers and significantly reduced the computational and communication burden on central nodes.Second,a lightweight and highly reliable secure aggregation mechanism was designed.It employed EC-ElGamal homomorphic encryption to achieve low-overhead private ciphertext aggregation,avoiding the high energy consumption bottleneck of traditional modular exponentiation.Furthermore,a multi-dimensional dynamic reputation mechanism was introduced to screen reliable notary nodes,effectively isolating malicious or disaster-damaged nodes and significantly enhancing system fault tolerance in extreme environments.Third,an efficient authentication and integrity assurance system was established.It used the national standard SM2 digital signature algorithm to ensure end-to-end data integrity during cross-chain circulation and leverages Bloom filters for rapid pre-verification of massive node identities,substantially reducing authentication overhead.Experimental results show that the scheme ensures semantic security against chosen-plaintext attacks and resistance to cross-chain timing and collusion attacks,while maintaining high robustness in extreme environments.Its communication,computational,and memory overheads are significantly lower than those of similar schemes,validating its lightweight and efficient nature.This provides technical support for cross-domain collaborative disaster prevention and intelligent early warning in complex railway environments.关键词
复杂环境铁路/铁路防灾监测/区块链/跨链数据聚合/轻量级同态加密/动态信誉机制Key words
complex environment railway/railway disaster prevention monitoring/blockchain/cross-chain data aggregation/lightweight homomorphic encryption/dynamic reputation mechanism分类
交通工程引用本文复制引用
张利华,黎维安,黄健,刘世平,邓靖川..复杂环境铁路的轻量级防灾数据跨链聚合方案[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2026,23(8):4018-4031,14.基金项目
国家自然科学基金资助项目(62261023) （62261023）
江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20232BAB2) （20232BAB2）
