Abstract
Original innovation refers to highly innovative achievements that make founda-tional and pioneering contributions in scientific research,technological development,or engi-neering practice.As differentiated research evaluation becomes increasingly important,a key methodological challenge is how to translate this concept into a measurement system that is inter-pretable,comparable,and capable of evolving with the maturity and form of research outputs.Ex-isting studies have developed a wide range of approaches around related constructs such as origi-nality,novelty,radicalness,breakthrough,disruptiveness,and impact,using knowledge combina-tions,textual semantics,knowledge units,citation networks,and machine learning.Yet the boundaries among these constructs often overlap,the correspondence between observable evi-dence and evaluative attributes remains unclear,and evidence emerging at different stages of ma-turity is frequently conflated.Building on the science-technology-engineering classification of original innovation,this study distinguishes types of innovation outputs from evaluative attri-butes.Through a systematic review of bibliometric approaches to papers and patents,it organizes original innovation along two dimensions,comparison reference and stage of evidence emer-gence,and identifies four evaluative attributes:originality,breakthrough,disruptiveness,and leading influence.The findings are as follows:Originality concerns first creation relative to the historical stock of knowledge or technology and is best assessed primarily through the historical first appearance of substantive content,supplemented by atypical combinations and semantic novelty.Breakthrough captures substantive advances beyond the contemporary knowledge fron-tier,technological trajectory,or performance boundary;structural shifts and cross-community bridging are useful for candidate identification,while the resolution of major problems,gains in explanatory power,and critical performance leaps provide stronger substantive evidence.Disrup-tiveness concerns the weakening or restructuring of dependence on established knowledge or technological paths after an innovation appears and can be assessed mainly through CD/DI to-gether with subsequent evidence from citation context and topic trajectories.Leading influence refers to the formation,expansion,and sustained development of new knowledge or technological paths and therefore requires joint consideration of impact scale,the emergence of new directions,diffusion breadth,and persistence.On this basis,the study proposes a"decompose-reclassify-aggregate"framework for cross-attribute indicators,reinterpreting measures such as KI,CD/DI,LOF,radical invention indicators,and machine-learning composite scores to reduce construct mixing and double counting.Papers and patents are treated as the currently most mature large-sample observation carriers for scientific and technological original innovation,with differenti-ated indicators applied under a common four-dimensional framework and calibrated by field,year,output type,and maturity stage.To address differences in when evidence becomes observ-able,the framework further introduces staged dynamic updating of four-dimensional profiles and composite scores.It also discusses originality indices for papers and patents and an overall origi-nal innovation index in which engineering and industrialization outcomes enter as realization gains on top of the underlying level of originality.By integrating conceptual clarification,method-ological trajectories,type-specific observation,and dynamic measurement,the framework pro-vides a theoretical and methodological basis for identifying,measuring,tracking,and differen-tially evaluating original innovation.关键词
原始创新/概念分类/首创性/突破性/颠覆性/引领性/综合测度/动态追踪Key words
original innovation/conceptual classification/originality/breakthrough/disrup-tiveness/leading influence/multidimensional measurement/dynamic tracing分类
管理科学
