Abstract
Against the backdrop of China's pursuit of high-level sci-tech self-reliance,the structural mismatch between scientific innovation and industrial innovation has long been a prominent bottleneck restricting high-quality development.The traditional linear innovation paradigm represented by the Technology Readiness Level(TRL)model oversimplifies the com-plex,nonlinear nature of the innovation process,leading to fragmented links across the innova-tion chain,misallocation of key factors,and chronically low commercialization rate of scientific achievements.To address this dilemma and construct a theoretical framework that accurately re-flects the patterns of the innovation process covering all links and factors,this paper originally proposes the Innovation Clock Model and systematically verifies its explanatory power combined with international policy practices and cross-country comparative analysis.
Adopting the analogical construction method,the study takes the clock as a spatial mapping of the innovation process and deconstructs innovation into a closed-loop system consisting of six core links—science,technology,engineering,process,scenario,and market.It further identifies knowledge,capital,and talent as three core driving factors,and introduces iteration as the core evolution mechanism,forming a three-dimensional analytical framework of"scale-link,pointer-factor,date window-iteration".On this basis,the study adopts historical analysis to sort out the three-stage evolution of the US innovation paradigm from linear to closed-loop after World War Ⅱ,employs comparative research to analyze Sino-US differences in R&D input scale,structure,and capability dimensions,and uses typical industrial cases to verify the practical explanatory power of the model.
The research findings are as follows.First,the Innovation Clock Model reveals three inter-nal operation mechanisms:two-way interaction between innovation links,dynamic adaptation between factors and links,and spiral upgrading through continuous iteration.It effectively breaks through the systematic limitations of linear models and presents the nonlinear,closed-loop,and iterative characteristics of innovation more authentically.Second,the five institutional shifts proposed in the 2026 White House report Science:A New Golden Age are highly consis-tent with the core dimensions of the Innovation Clock Model,verifying that the law of closed-loop innovation is becoming a policy consensus among major global innovation entities.Third,the essence of international sci-tech competition has shifted from competition on single techno-logical breakthroughs to competition on the organizational capacity of innovation systems.China enjoys a whole-chain advantage in engineering and manufacturing links,but still has shortcom-ings in basic research originality and high-end factor agglomeration.Finally,based on the theo-retical framework,the paper puts forward systematic policy suggestions from nine dimensions covering paradigm transformation,subject strengthening,demand traction,and governance im-provement.
This study breaks through the theoretical limitations of the traditional linear innovation paradigm,enriches the theoretical system of innovation process research,and provides a new analytical perspective for understanding the internal synergy mechanism between science and in-dustry.The conclusions can provide methodological guidance for national sci-tech planning,in-novation policy formulation,and enterprise innovation practice,and have important practical ref-erence value for improving the overall efficiency of the national innovation system.关键词
创新时钟模型/科技创新/产业创新/闭环创新/科技治理/创新范式/创新体系/科技自立自强Key words
Innovation Clock Model/scientific and technological innovation/industrial inno-vation/closed-loop innovation/science and technology governance/innovation paradigm/innova-tion system/self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology分类
管理科学
