创新科技2026，Vol.26Issue(9)：78-92,15.DOI:10.19345/j.cxkj.1671-0037.2026.9.6
国际比较视角下我国基础研究经费统计制度完善策略
Improving China's Statistical System of Basic Research Expendi-ture from an International Comparative Perspective
摘要
Abstract
A refined statistical system for basic research expenditure guarantees high-quality statistical data and underpins the optimization of basic research investment structures.Based on a literature review,institutional sorting,field investigation,and international compara-tive analysis,this paper analyzes statistical data gaps and differences in statistical systems across countries,systematically examines the evolution and inherent deficiencies of China's ba-sic research statistical system,and puts forward targeted optimization strategies.Embedded in the national R&D statistical framework,China's basic research statistics have undergone distinc-tive institutional transformations:the separation of R&D statistics and fiscal final accounts into two independent systems,the shift from general science and technology statistics to standardized R&D statistics,the replacement of project-based corporate R&D accounting with the financial expenditure method,and the continuous refinement of the conceptual connotation of basic re-search.Nevertheless,the current system still presents prominent shortcomings.Specifically,cor-porate basic research expenditure is difficult to quantify,public indicators on basic research funding sources are insufficient,statistical criteria vary across regions,statistical sub-items are ambiguous,reporting institutions possess excessive discretionary flexibility,and the overall sta-tistical scope remains relatively narrow.Each country adapts the statistical methods outlined in the OECD's Frascati Manual to suit its specific national circumstances.The cross-national dif-ferences in statistical data should be viewed rationally.The statistical systems for basic research,scope of funding,survey populations,and disclosed data in the United States,Japan,France,the United Kingdom,and South Korea each have their own distinct characteristics.Notable practices include:the United States'implementation of expenditure and input statistics,classification of funding types based on researchers'work content,and sample surveys of small,medium,and mi-cro enterprises;Japan publishes basic research statistics for various industries and continuously tracks the R&D structure and basic research investment in key sectors;France targets enter-prises with existing R&D activities in its surveys and collects and publishes basic research bud-gets and expenditures across various sectors;the United Kingdom distinguishes between pure ba-sic research and applied basic research expenditures in its government surveys;South Korea con-ducts comprehensive surveys of enterprises with R&D centers and research departments,with a focus on in-depth analysis of the telecommunications sector.Integrating China's institutional context with international experience,this paper proposes improvements:constructing statistical indicators for basic research funding sources and investment orientations,expanding and refin-ing enterprise R&D surveys,strengthening statistical monitoring of basic research expenditures across various industries,clarifying statistical subcategories,standardizing uniform public indi-cators and statistical standards,and strengthening training on data reporting and establishing a data verification system.关键词
基础研究/R&D/统计制度/国际比较/科技强国/创新转化/研发经费/政策建议Key words
basic research/R&D/statistical system/international comparison/science and technology powerhouse/innovation transformation/R&D expenditure/policy recommendations分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
荣俊美,陈强,金姗霖..国际比较视角下我国基础研究经费统计制度完善策略[J].创新科技,2026,26(9):78-92,15.基金项目
国家社科基金项目"面向新征程的国家创新体系整体效能提升研究"(22VRC126). （22VRC126）
