电焊机2026，Vol.56Issue(9)：74-80,121,8.DOI:10.7512/j.issn.1001-2303.2026.09.08
深冷换热器铜/不锈钢异种金属焊接工艺与评定方案设计
Design of a Welding Process Scheme and Qualification Scheme for Cop-per/Stainless-Steel Dissimilar-Metal Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints in Cryo-genic Heat Exchangers
吴磊 1种彪 1李新银 2李伟2
作者信息
- 1. 枣庄市特种设备检验研究院(市特种设备安全技术检查中心、市产品质量监督检验所),山东 枣庄 277101
- 2. 山东密友机械有限公司,山东 枣庄 277500
- 折叠
摘要
Abstract
To address the reliability of copper-tube/stainless-steel-tubesheet dissimilar-metal joints under cryogenic service(liquid nitrogen,-196℃),a welding process scheme and a matching welding procedure qualification(WPQR)scheme are proposed.Against liquid-copper penetration cracking along austenitic grain boundaries and low-melting Fe-Cu eutectic hot cracking,a composite scheme is adopted:a nickel-based buttering layer on the SUS304 tubesheet,an ERNiCr-3 tube-to-tubesheet fillet weld,and post-weld light expansion;the complete Ni-Cu-Fe solid solubility avoids low-melting eutectics,the buttering layer isolates liquid copper from the steel,and copper-side preheating,an arc offset toward the copper and pulsed control overcome lack of fusion and confine Fe dilution.A systematic qualification scheme per NB/T 47014-2023(appear-ance,PT,macro-metallography,mechanics,low-temperature impact,tightness)defines specimens,methods,criteria and design-target/predicted values(helium leak rate≤1×10-9 Pa·m3/s;shear/tensile strength 230-260 MPa,fracture in the copper base metal;no obvious ductile-brittle transition at-196℃).All values herein are design targets/predictions rather than mea-sured results and require qualification testing for confirmation.The work provides an engineering-oriented reference for pro-cess design and qualification-scheme formulation of such joints.关键词
深冷换热器/铜/不锈钢异种焊接/镍基过渡层/ERNiCr-3/管子-管板角焊缝/焊接工艺评定Key words
cryogenic heat exchanger/copper/stainless-steel dissimilar welding/nickel-based buttering layer/ERNiCr-3/tube-to-tubesheet fillet weld/welding procedure qualification分类
矿业与冶金引用本文复制引用
吴磊,种彪,李新银,李伟..深冷换热器铜/不锈钢异种金属焊接工艺与评定方案设计[J].电焊机,2026,56(9):74-80,121,8.
