电化学（中英文）2026，Vol.32Issue(8)：1-24,24.DOI:10.61558/2993-074X.3619
电催化硝酸盐还原合成氨过程中活性氢的原位电化学表征技术
In situ Electrochemical Characterization Techniques for Active Hydrogen in Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
摘要
Abstract
Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia(NitRR)represents a sustainable pathway that integrates environmental remediation with the production of high-value ammonia.However,the activity and selectivity of this process are limited by the generation,consumption,and dynamic equilibrium of the key transient intermediate—active hydrogen(*H).Precise modulation of *H necessitates a comprehensive understanding of its behavior,which relies fundamentally on advanced in situ electrochemical characterization techniques.However,a systematic review dedicated to the rational selection and application of in situ electrochemical techniques for the specific characterization of *H in NitRR,with clear definitions of each technique's"detectable targets,quantitative accuracy,and application boundaries"remains absent.This review aims to fill this methodological gap by systematically summarizing in situ electrochemical techniques for probing *H behavior in NitRR,including in situ spectroscopic techniques,in situ electrochemical methods,and scanning electrochemical micros-copy.We construct a problem-oriented hierarchical methodological framework tailored for *H characterization in NitRR.By detailing the principles,representative applications,and limitations of these techniques,this review provides a reliable guide for selecting appropriate characterization methods in future *H research,thereby deepening the mechanistic un-derstanding of NitRR.Additionally,future research directions and development trends are discussed,offering insights to advance efficient and selective green ammonia synthesis technologies.关键词
硝酸盐还原/活性氢/原位电化学表征技术/电合成氨Key words
Nitrate reduction reaction/Active hydrogen/In situ electrochemical characterization technique/Ammonia electrosynthesis引用本文复制引用
李红梅,易梅,晋兆宇,解明皓,Khalid M.Omer,郭勇,李盼盼..电催化硝酸盐还原合成氨过程中活性氢的原位电化学表征技术[J].电化学（中英文）,2026,32(8):1-24,24.基金项目
Pan-Pan Li acknowledges funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22476141),the China Postdoctoral Science Foun-dation(2025M771235),and the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2026YFHZ0099). （22476141）
