果树资源学报2026，Vol.7Issue(5)：1-8,8.
56个枣品种在新疆南疆地区的引种初期表现
Initial Performance of 56 Jujube Cultivars Introduced in Southern Xinjiang
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]To diversify jujube cultivars and optimize the variety structure of jujube in southern Xinjiang so as to meet diverse market demands,56 jujube cultivars were introduced from Shandong Province and planted in Tumushuk.Their growth performance and adaptability were systematically investigated to select superior cultivars suitable for local natural condi-tions and cultivation patterns,and improve the economic benefits of the local jujube industry.[Methods]A total of 56 intro-duced jujube cultivars in southern Xinjiang were used as test materials.Qualitative traits including tree posture,tree form,col-or of primary shoots,bending degree of secondary shoots,thorn characteristics,leaf color,leaf shape,leaf base shape,leaf a-pex shape and leaf margin shape,as well as quantitative traits including plant height,trunk diameter,canopy width,length and diameter of secondary shoots,leaf length and leaf width were surveyed.UPGMA cluster analysis was conducted to explore the phenotypic similarity,correlation and genetic relationship among the tested cultivars.[Results]Phenotypic analysis indi-cated that qualitative traits such as tree posture and tree form showed high concentration.Semi-open tree posture accounted for 62.50%,and cylindrical tree form dominated with a proportion of 98.21%.Considerable variations were observed in the color of primary shoots and leaf apex shape.Primary shoots in yellowish-brown were the most common(46.43%).The light gray primary shoots of Yingqiuhong and purplish-brown primary shoots of Kongfu Crisp Jujube were rare phenotypes,which could serve as visual morphological markers for cultivar identification.The bending degree of secondary shoots was significantly cor-related with tree posture:cultivars with severely curved secondary shoots mostly had open tree posture,while those with slightly curved secondary shoots all presented upright tree posture.Thorns were underdeveloped in most cultivars(71.43%),and only 4 cultivars were thornless,accounting for 7.14%.In terms of quantitative traits,Zaoqiuhong had the maximum plant height(154.1 cm),the longest secondary shoots(78.03 cm)and the largest number of nodes on secondary shoots(12 nodes).Fucuimi and Jinsi 4 had the thickest trunk(15.03 mm),and Gekecui possessed the thickest secondary shoots(6.82 mm).The 56 cultivars were classified into four distinct groups with obvious genetic distance via UPGMA cluster analysis.The grouping results were closely related to the geographical distribution,fruit utilization and genetic background of the cultivars.Group 1 consisted of major traditional germplasms;Group 2 showed prominent regional adaptability;Group 3 was composed of special-ly bred fresh-eating cultivars;Group 4 contained rare and distinctive germplasms with high breeding potential.[Conclusion]Among the 56 tested cultivars,Zaoqiuhong,Fucuimi,Jinsi 4 and Gekecui performed well in southern Xinjiang initially,and are worthy of popularization and cultivation locally.关键词
枣/资源引种/南疆地区/质量性状/数量性状Key words
jujube/germplasm introduction/southern Xinjiang/qualitative trait/quantitative trait分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李皓,吴玉蓉,张琼,牛蛉磊,李盼,邢才华,吉光鹏..56个枣品种在新疆南疆地区的引种初期表现[J].果树资源学报,2026,7(5):1-8,8.基金项目
兵团科技项目(2026DB113) （2026DB113）
第三师揭榜挂帅项目(KY2025JBGS05) （KY2025JBGS05）
兵团连村共建项目 （）
师市科技计划项目(KY2025PT02) （KY2025PT02）
兵团英才项目 （）
