摘要
Abstract
[Objective]To investigate the absorption proportion,dynamic uptake rate and accumulation distribution of N,P,K,Ca and Mg in protected-cultivated Actinidia arguta at key stages of budding,initial flowering,fruit development and harvesting,clarify the annual total nutrient demand and structural characteristics,and provide theoretical basis for rational fer-tilization.[Methods]Taking'Issai'Actinidia arguta as materials,whole plants were sampled at each key growth stage.The contents of N,P,K,Ca and Mg were determined to analyze nutrient absorption,distribution and accumulation,and quantify nutrient requirement per 1 000 kg fruits.[Results]New shoots growed slowly at the budding stage,with an overall low nutri-ent demands.N,K and Ca demands were high while P and Mg were low at initial flowering stage.Early fruit development stage had the highest annual distribution ratio of P,Ca and Mg,serving as the critical period for phosphorus uptake.N and Mg uptake peaked at mid fruit development stage with Ca remaining at a high level.K occupied an absolutely dominant position during mature harvesting.Overall nutrient demand was dominated by N and Ca,followed by Mg and K,with P being the low-est.[Conclusion]Conventional chemical fertilizers are soil-applied at budding stage to meet basic nutritional needs.Water-soluble N,K and Ca fertilizers are topdressed at initial flowering stage via rhizosphere application combined with foliar spraying to improve absorption efficiency.P,Ca and Mg are mainly supplemented at early fruit development stage to ensure normal cell division of young fruits.Combined application of N,Ca and Mg with small and frequent fertilization at mid development stage improves fertilizer efficiency for fruit expansion and quality.At harvesting stage,potassium fertilizer is prioritized with com-bined application of water-soluble and organic fertilizers;N and Mg application are strictly controlled to promote sugar accumu-lation and fruit quality improvement.关键词
软枣猕猴桃/生育阶段/矿质养分/需求规律Key words
soft jujube kiwifruit/reproductive stages/mineral nutrients/demand regularity分类
农业科技
