河南农业科学2026，Vol.55Issue(9)：79-89,11.DOI:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2026.09.008
秸秆还田和耕种模式对砂姜黑土小麦根蘖动态、产量和经济效益的影响
Effects of Straw Incorporation,Tillage and Planting Patterns on Root and Stem Dynamics,Yield,and Economic Benefits of Wheat in Lime Concretion Black Soil
摘要
Abstract
To identify the suitable farming pattern for high-yield and high-efficiency wheat production in lime concretion black soil,a two-year field experiment was conducted to study wheat root and tiller dynamics,aboveground dry matter accumulation and translocation,yield,and economic benefits under eight treatment combinations of straw incorporation(straw incorporation and straw removed),tillage method(rotary tillage and plowing),and planting method(equal-row spacing and wide-narrow row spacing).The results showed that compared with the treatment with straw incorporation,two passes of rotary tillage and equal-row spacing(T1),the treatment with straw incorporation,one pass of plowing plus power harrowing and equal-row spacing(T3)significantly increased secondary root numbers at wintering and jointing stages in two years,with increases of 19.98%—48.71%and 40.98%—44.08%,respectively;the treatment with straw incorporation,one pass of plowing plus power harrowing and wide-narrow row spacing(T7)only significantly increased secondary root numbers at jointing and flowering stages in the second year.Compared with T1 treatment,T3 treatment and the treatment with straw removed,one pass of plowing plus power harrowing and equal-row spacing(T4)significantly increased basic seedling number,maximum tiller number,and aboveground dry matter accumulation at flowering and mature stages,while T7 treatment significantly increased the maximum tiller number in two years;T3 treatment significantly increased dry matter transport amount before anthesis,dry matter transport rate before anthesis,contribution rate of dry matter transport to grain yield before anthesis,grain number per ear,and yield in two years,with yield increase of 8.38%—11.65%,while the treatment with straw removed,two passes of rotary tillage and equal-row spacing(T2)and T4 treatment only significantly increased dry atter accumulation after anthesis and yield in the second year.The net income and output-input ratio of T3 treatment were the highest,increased by 1 420.86-2 801.55 yuan/ha and 0.12-0.26 compared with T1 treatment in two years,respectively;T2 and T4 treatments only increased the net income of 680.34-964.12 yuan/ha and 420.36-1 246.23 yuan/ha,compared with T1 treatment in two years,respectively.In summary,the pattern with straw incorporation,one pass of plowing plus power harrowing and equal-row spacing can increase wheat root and tiller number,promote dry matter accumulation and transport before anthesis,and improve yield and economic benefit,being a farming pattern for high-yield and high-efficiency wheat production in lime concretion black soil.关键词
小麦/耕作方式/种植方式/秸秆还田/根蘖动态/产量/经济效益Key words
Wheat/Tillage method/Planting method/Straw incorporation/Root and tiller dynamic/Yield/Economic benefit分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
程红建,李向东,于梦娇,闫雅倩,罗青青,黄源,王家瑞,宋航,方保停,靳海洋..秸秆还田和耕种模式对砂姜黑土小麦根蘖动态、产量和经济效益的影响[J].河南农业科学,2026,55(9):79-89,11.基金项目
河南省重点研发专项(251111110900) （251111110900）
河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(HARS-22-01-G5) （HARS-22-01-G5）
河南省农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(2026ZC02) （2026ZC02）
河南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(2024TD07) （2024TD07）
