海相油气地质2026，Vol.31Issue(4)：325-340,16.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2026.04.002
中国海相碳酸盐岩大油气田形成条件与分布特征
Formation conditions and distribution characteristics of large marine carbonate oil and gas fields in China
摘要
Abstract
Marine carbonate rocks in China are primarily distributed in the Sichuan,Tarim,and Ordos cratonic basins,which contain abundant hydrocarbon resources.After more than 70 years of exploration,a number of large oil and gas fields have been discovered,including Weiyuan,Anyue,Puguang,Tahe,Fuman,and Jingbian.With the intensification of deep to ultra-deep exploration efforts,there remains enormous potential for the discovery of additional large oil and gas fields in the future.This paper systematically reviews the formation conditions of large marine carbonate oil and gas fields and provides an in-depth summary of their distribution characteristics.The formation of large marine carbonate oil and gas fields requires three fundamental conditions:(1)The main source rocks have undergone multiple phases of hydrocarbon generation and remain effective and substantial to this day.(2)Multiple types of reservoirs are developed,jointly controlled by various reservoir-forming mechanisms,and the reservoirs remain large-scale even under deep to ultra-deep conditions.(3)The source-reservoir-seal assemblages are favorable,and the timing of hydrocarbon accumulation matches the period of trap formation.The distribution patterns are mainly reflected in three aspects:(1)Intra-cratonic differentiation controls the distribution of the main hydrocarbon kitchens and platform-margin belts,around which multi-story"building-like"composite hydrocarbon accumulation zones are formed.(2)Constructive diagenesis,fault activity,and sedimentary facies belts are coupled to control the development of large-scale reservoirs at deep to ultra-deep levels,forming fault-controlled hydrocarbon accumulation zones.(3)The tectonic modification interfaces within the craton match the intra-platform shoals in paleo-uplifts and slope areas,forming distal-source,large-scale lithologic-stratigraphic hydrocarbon accumulation zones.关键词
海相碳酸盐岩/大油气田/形成条件/分布特征/三大克拉通盆地Key words
marine carbonate rocks/giant oil and gas fields/formation conditions/distribution characteristics/three major cratonic basins分类
能源科技引用本文复制引用
赵文智,陈秀艳,张本健,谷志东,武鲁亚,翟秀芬,李秋芬,陶小晚,高建荣,方向..中国海相碳酸盐岩大油气田形成条件与分布特征[J].海相油气地质,2026,31(4):325-340,16.基金项目
本文受新型油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项(编号:2025ZD1400401)和中国石油重大科技专项(编号:2023ZZ16、2023ZZ0201)联合资助 （编号:2025ZD1400401）
