海相油气地质2026，Vol.31Issue(4)：379-393,15.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2026.04.005
中国西部叠合盆地超深层碳酸盐岩成储阶段性与演化路径
Formation stages and evolution pathway of ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs in superimposed basins,western China
摘要
Abstract
Marine carbonate rocks in ultra-deep layers(burial depth>6 000 m)of superimposed basins including the Tarim,Sichuan and Ordos basins in western China host massive hydrocarbon resources and represent the key research target of current oil and gas exploration.Carbonate sequences in superimposed basins have experienced multi-phase tectonic movements and multi-stage burial-diagenetic evolution,resulting in complicated formation mechanisms and evolutionary paths of high-quality reservoirs,which restrict the prediction of deep reservoir distribution.Taking Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic carbonate rocks of the Tarim,Sichuan and Ordos basins as the research object,this paper systematically reviews the sedimentary and tectono-thermal geological settings of the three basins.Based on the characteristics of the temperature-pressure field,fluid field,and organic matter maturation,the diagenetic process is divided into four major stages:penecontemporaneous-shallow burial,medium burial,deep to ultra-deep burial,and extra-deep burial,and the differences in diagenetic environments and diagenetic processes of each stage are clarified.Three core mechanisms governing reservoir pore preservation and secondary pore generation are identified,namely penecontemporaneous dolomitization,early hydrocarbon charging coupled with formation overpressure,and multi-phase tectono-hydrothermal activities.Combined with extensive drilling,core observation,and geochemical analysis data,five differentiated reservoir evolutionary paths are classified:non-dolomitized,non-hydrocarbon-charged,tight limestone reservoir pathway;non-dolomitized,early hydrocarbon-charged,porosity-preserved limestone reservoir pathway;penecontemporaneously dolomitized,non-hydrocarbon-charged,continuously porosity-reducing dolomite reservoir pathway;penecontemporaneously dolomitized,early hydrocarbon charged,porosity-preserved dolomite reservoir pathway;late tectono-hydrothermally modified dolomite reservoir pathway.The study reveals that high-energy mound-shoal facies constitute the material basis for reservoir development;diagenetic alterations during shallow to medium burial determine the preservation degree of primary pores;hydrothermal fluids associated with faults only locally improve reservoir properties along fault zones.Furthermore,reservoir development is constrained by stratigraphic architecture and source-reservoir matching relationships.This research improves the multi-stage reservoir-forming theory for ultra-deep carbonate rocks,and can provide theoretical support for quantitative prediction of deep high-quality carbonate reservoirs and favorable play selection for hydrocarbon exploration in superimposed basins of western China.关键词
超深层/碳酸盐岩储层/成岩阶段/成储机制/演化路径/叠合盆地Key words
ultra-deep/carbonate reservoir/diagenesis stage/reservoir formation mechanism/evolution pathways/superimposed basin分类
能源科技引用本文复制引用
乔占峰,金德时,刘毅杰,金天杰,段军茂,潘立银,张天付,朱心健,胡安平,佘敏,张豪,吴东旭,张宇..中国西部叠合盆地超深层碳酸盐岩成储阶段性与演化路径[J].海相油气地质,2026,31(4):379-393,15.基金项目
本文受中国石油天然气集团有限公司基础性前瞻性项目"海相克拉通盆地构造沉积分异与规模优质储层发育规律研究"(编号:2026DJ010)和基础性前瞻性重大科技专项"叠合盆地中下组合油气成藏与保持机制研究"(编号:2023ZZ02)联合资助 （编号:2026DJ010）
