经济与管理2026，Vol.40Issue(5)：17-26,10.
人工智能的就业效应测度
The Employment Effects of Artificial Intelligence:A Dual Perspective on Scale and Structure
摘要
Abstract
Against the backdrop of the rapid development of artificial intelligence and increasingly severe employment conditions,achieving high-quality full employment through artificial intelligence is a crucial component of promoting sustainable economic and social development.Using data from all industries of Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2018 to 2024,it builds individual time-fixed panel models and spatial Durbin models to systematically measure the employment scale effect and structural effect of AI.Findings reveal that from the employment scale perspective,AI expands the overall employment scale,demonstrating a creation effect on labor employment in aggregate.From the employment structure perspective,for the functional employment structure,artificial intelligence increased labor demand in all departments,but the employment creation effects varied across industries;for the industry employment structure,while labor demand in the skilled departments increased across all industries,the employment creation effects in the production and sales departments were reflected in low-tech,low-repetition industries and high-tech,high-repetition industries;for the geographical employment structure,neighboring AI exhibits a spatial suction effect on local labor employment,primarily concentrated in production and technical departments.Regionally,the North China region primarily exhibited a spatial suction effect on technical and financial departments;the lower Yangtze River region mainly exhibited a spatial suction effect on technical departments;and the Pan-Pearl River Delta region showed a spatial suction effect across all departments.关键词
人工智能/就业规模/就业结构/职能部门/行业差异/空间地域Key words
artificial intelligence/employment scale/employment structure/functional departments/industry differences/spatial re-gions分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
田洪志,郭杉..人工智能的就业效应测度[J].经济与管理,2026,40(5):17-26,10.基金项目
国家社科基金后期资助项目(21FJLB011) （21FJLB011）
教育部人文社会科学研究西部和边疆地区项目(21XJA910001) （21XJA910001）
