家政学刊2026，Vol.3Issue(3)：212-221,10.DOI:10.20181/j.jzxk.jlau.260004
我国省级生育支持政策的现状、区域差异及对策研究
Current Status,Regional Disparities and Optimization Strategies of China's Provincial Fertility Support Policies:A Textual Analysis Based on Policy Instrument Theory
摘要
Abstract
Against the backdrop of global low fertility rates,China is confronted with severe challenges in population development.To address the societal realities of reluctance to have children,fear of childbearing and unaffordable child-rearing costs,this study employs policy instrument theory as its analytical framework and constructs a policy-text database covering fertility-support policies across 31 provincial-level administrative regions.Python is employed to conduct word segmentation,data cleaning,and feature extraction on policy texts,and TF-IDF is used for text vectorization.Building upon this foundation,K-means clustering is applied to identify policy typologies,combined with PCA dimensionality-reduction visualization.Further analyses are subsequently carried out from three dimensions:temporal evolution,supply-demand alignment,and regional disparities.The study reveals that provincial-level policy instrument portfolios exhibit an unbalanced feature of"emphasizing service provision while neglecting direct subsidies and regulatory implementation".Policies are increasingly oriented toward building implementable service systems,yet rigid time-related and workplace support measures remain insufficient.Supply-demand matching assessments indicate that the education and childcare dimensions register the highest responsiveness,whereas housing-related burden-reduction as well as time-based and workplace support receive inadequate policy responses.Regions adopt differentiated strategies to tackle such gaps due to cultural and economic divergences.Accordingly,this paper proposes policy recommendations to enhance the accessibility and effectiveness of fertility support measures.These include optimizing the structure of policy instruments,prioritizing the mitigation of shortcomings in housing,time-related and workplace support,strengthening region-tailored policy supply,and promoting cross-departmental collaboration and institutional integration,so as to improve the accessibility and effectiveness of fertility support policies.关键词
生育支持政策/省级政策文本/聚类分析/政策工具理论Key words
fertility support policies/provincial policy texts/cluster analysis/policy instrument theory分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
卓然,刘祉彤,陈峻瑶..我国省级生育支持政策的现状、区域差异及对策研究[J].家政学刊,2026,3(3):212-221,10.基金项目
吉林省教育厅科学研究重点项目(JJKH20250541SK) （JJKH20250541SK）
2025年《家政学刊》一般选题项目(250204) （250204）
