林草政策研究2026，Vol.6Issue(2)：3-16,14.DOI:10.12344/lczcyj.2026.02.11.0009
林业股份合作制发展历程与核心议题
Development Course and Core Issues of Forestry Joint-Stock Cooperative System
摘要
Abstract
This paper sorts out the evolution of China's forestry joint-stock cooperative system since 1981 and discusses its core issues,aiming to provide a reference for the deepening reform and institutional design of the collective forest tenure system in the new era.Adopting the analytical paradigm of new institutional economics,this study constructs a theoretical analysis framework for dynamic evolution of"organization-institution-technology".Based on literature review and field investigation,the development course of forestry joint-stock cooperative system since the reform and opening up is divided into two stages:before the new round of collective forest tenure reform(1981-2001)and after the new round of collective forest tenure reform(2002 to present).The study finds that the forestry joint-stock cooperative system before the new round of collective forest tenure reform aimed to maintain collective unified management and curb excessive deforestation,showing obvious characteristics of closed internal operation,but encountered dilemmas in governance mechanism and benefit distribution.After the new round of collective forest tenure reform,against the background of urban-rural integration and"separation of three rights",the joint-stock cooperative system has gradually opened to the whole society,introducing multiple entities such as state-owned enterprises and social capital.Drawing on the experience of the"Ten Million Project",it promotes rural operation and has evolved diversified mixed property rights forms such as"Two Mountains Bank","Strong Village Company"and"Fulin Coupon".The main conclusions are as follows:1)The development of forestry joint-stock cooperative system is the result of interaction between policy design and market mechanism;2)The institutional logic has transformed from closed operation by insiders to open management with external participants,and the contractual relationship has also evolved from informal contracts to formal contracts;3)In the future,the cooperative attribute in the forestry joint-stock cooperative system will gradually weaken,while the joint-stock attribute will strengthen,and the forestland equity structure will tend to be socialized and securitized.On this basis,this paper puts forward the following suggestions:reasonably define the bundle of share rights under the"separation of three rights",optimize the principal-agent mechanism,improve the income distribution mechanism for realizing the value of forestry ecological products,and further promote the innovation of forestry financial products.关键词
林业股份合作制/集体林权制度改革/制度变迁/集体林Key words
forestry joint-stock cooperative system/collective forest tenure reform/institutional change/collective forests分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
刘璨,王尚慧..林业股份合作制发展历程与核心议题[J].林草政策研究,2026,6(2):3-16,14.基金项目
国家社会科学基金重大项目"深化集体林权制度改革背景下林业生态产品价值实现机制和生态补偿制度研究"(24&ZD109) （24&ZD109）
