热带地理2026，Vol.46Issue(9)：1631-1646,16.DOI:10.13284/j.cnki.rddl.20260295
农业生产组织方式转型:土地长期规模流转与小农社会化服务路径研究
Transformation of Agricultural Production Organization Patterns:Pathways of Long-Term Large-Scale Farmland Transfer and Socialized Services for Smallholder Farmers
摘要
Abstract
Under the fundamental condition of a populous country dominated by smallholder farming,this study compares two principal pathways of moderate-scale operation for linking smallholders to modern agriculture:land-transfer-based and socialized service-driven.Rather than treating scale management solely as a productivity issue,it situates it within the evolution of urban-rural relations,arguing that pathway choice is jointly determined by the functional differentiation of farmland and farm households.The study clarifies the boundaries among land-transfer-based,socialized service-driven,and land-trusteeship-based operations;the conditions under which they coexist,substitute for one another,or act as complements;and their applicability across regions and heterogeneous households.Combining induction,deduction,and economic modeling,it links,at the macro level,urban-rural relations,farmland functions,and changes in agricultural operators across four evolutionary stages and,at the micro level,models smallholder decisions with a comprehensive utility function integrating productive utility(income from self-cultivation,off-farm wages,land rent,or trusteeship returns)and nonproductive utility(unemployment buffering,old-age security,emotional attachment,and welfare from urban public services and citizenship);quality-enhancing and cost-reducing factors capture efficiency gains from improved seeds,machinery,digital technologies,and organizational management.The results show that the declining viability of traditional smallholder farming stems from rising labor opportunity costs:farmland shifts from an integrated carrier of production and security functions toward their differentiation and becomes a predominantly productive asset as social security is institutionalized.Human-land separation is defined as a composite indicator of off-farm labor migration,the rising non-farm share of household income,the conversion of household registration from agricultural to non-agricultural status,and the substitution of urban social security for farmland security.Greater nonproductive utility from urban areas raises total utility under both pathways,but it increases the optimal transfer ratio only under long-term land transfer;under the production-trusteeship pathway,it does not necessarily change the optimal trusteeship ratio.Because land trusteeship does not alter the attribution of land contracting and management rights,it retains farmland's social security function.Land-transfer operators remain profitable only if scale returns cover land rent,wages,and capital costs,whereas service-driven returns depend on service-demand density,machinery utilization,and contractual stability.Thus,without changing land contract relations,contiguous service delivery can substitute for contiguous land concentration,and neither pathway is absolutely superior or inferior to the other.Long-term land transfer suits areas with stable off-farm employment and sound social security;socialized services suit areas with pronounced aging and part-time farming where farmland retains strong security functions;and land trusteeship suits semi-urbanized transitional areas.Policy should therefore be stratified and category-specific:areas with high human-land separation should improve land-transfer markets and support farm operators,those with low separation should prioritize agricultural socialized services and production trusteeship,and transitional areas should develop short-term transfer,seasonal trusteeship,and shareholding cooperation.This study incorporates farmland's nonproductive functions into the analysis of agricultural organizational transformation,constructs a comprehensive utility framework across gradients of human-land separation,and specifies when service scaling substitutes for or complements land scaling.关键词
适度规模经营/土地流转/服务规模经营/农业社会化服务/农业现代化Key words
moderate-scale management/land transfer/service-scale management/agricultural socialized services/agricultural modernization分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
杨忍,秦语佳..农业生产组织方式转型:土地长期规模流转与小农社会化服务路径研究[J].热带地理,2026,46(9):1631-1646,16.基金项目
教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目(23JZD008) （23JZD008）
广东省哲学社会科学规划2025年度乡村振兴定向委托重点项目(GD25ZX04) （GD25ZX04）
广东省哲学社会科学规划"落实党的二十届三中全会精神"专项研究重点项目(GD24ESQ13) （GD24ESQ13）
