海洋气象学报2026，Vol.46Issue(4)：44-56,13.DOI:10.19513/j.cnki.hyqxxb.20260215001
1980-2025年山东连阴雨过程统计特征及典型环流形势
Statistical characteristics and typical circulation patterns of continuous overcast and rainy events in Shandong from 1980 to 2025
摘要
Abstract
Based on the daily precipitation and sunshine duration data from 122 national meteorological observing stations in Shandong from 1980 to 2025,along with ERA5 reanalysis data,this study analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and circulation patterns of continuous overcast and rainy events in Shandong.The results are shown below.(1)The annual mean single-station continuous overcast and rainy event in Shandong is 80,accounting for 11.78％of the annual total precipitation,with a mean duration of 6.98 d and a maximum of 18 d(2025).Continuous overcast and rain is the most significant in autumn,with the highest frequency in September and the longest duration in October;the largest precipitation per event occurs between July and August;winter events are dominated by snow,with the minimum precipitation;the lowest frequency occurs in spring.(2)In southern Shandong,the event frequency,accumulated precipitation and total duration are all high;along the coastal areas of the Shandong Peninsula,both the precipitation per event and the mean duration are large.Regional continuous overcast and rainy events last up to 13 d,with the maximum scope of influence more than 100 stations.(3)Based on the 500-hPa circulation,three types are identified:the Ural blocking high type is the most common,followed by the multi-wave type,and the Ural trough type is the least common.The common characteristics of the three types of continuous overcast and rainy events are the significant activity of the southern branch trough,positive standardized geopotential height anomalies over Shandong and the Bohai Rim region,and a south-to-north decreasing trend in low-level water vapor,with southerly or southwesterly warm and moist airflow serving as the primary carrier for transfer of water vapor.The main differences lie in the sources of water vapor:the Ural blocking high type and the Ural trough type receive water vapor from the South China Sea,whereas the multi-wave type receives water vapor from two warm and moist airflow originated from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea.(4)In typical cases,the configuration of the Ural blocking high,cold vortex and trough guides cold air southward in a stepwise manner,while the southern branch trough and the western Pacific subtropical high jointly provide a continuous supply of warm and moist air for Shandong.The convergence of cold and warm air masses forms a stable frontal zone,establishing the large-scale circulation background for continuous overcast and rain.Meanwhile,the low-level wind shear and high-humidity environment provide favorable dynamic and water vapor conditions for precipitation.关键词
山东/降水/连阴雨/统计特征/环流形势Key words
Shandong/precipitation/continuous overcast and rainy event/statistical characteristics/circulation pattern分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
董晴雪,张天航,戈瑶..1980-2025年山东连阴雨过程统计特征及典型环流形势[J].海洋气象学报,2026,46(4):44-56,13.基金项目
山东省气象局人才引进专项(2025sdrcyj02,2025sdrcyj04) （2025sdrcyj02,2025sdrcyj04）
山东省气象局青年项目(2023SDQN01) （2023SDQN01）
