综合智慧能源2026，Vol.48Issue(9)：29-39,11.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2097-0706.2026.09.003
核能直供数据中心技术路径及适配性研究
Technical pathways and applicability of direct nuclear power supply for data centers
摘要
Abstract
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence training,cloud computing,and high-performance computing,the electricity consumption scale and cooling demand of data centers continue to increase,imposing higher requirements on the continuity,reliability,low-carbon performance,and economic efficiency of energy supply systems.To investigate the technical pathways and applicability of direct nuclear power supply for data centers,the operational boundaries among nuclear power plants,public power grid,and data centers were clarified.On this basis,the compatibility of large nuclear power plants and small modular reactors(SMRs)with data center loads and combined cooling,heating,and power supply was analyzed.Using the same IT load service output as the baseline,a parameterized techno-economic scenario assessment framework was established.The scenarios included SMR power supply with compression cooling,SMR power supply with steam extraction-driven absorption cooling,and direct wind-solar-storage supply with different green electricity substitution ratios.The scenarios were compared in terms of initial investment,integrated energy supply cost,static payback period,and sensitivity to industrial electricity tariffs.The results showed that SMR-based energy supply effectively matched the continuous and stable load characteristics of data centers and had relatively low sensitivity to fluctuations in industrial electricity tariffs.Steam extraction-driven absorption cooling could reduce both electricity consumption for compression cooling and the corresponding required generation capacity,resulting in a reduction of approximately 3.7%in integrated energy supply cost compared with the compression cooling scheme.However,the equivalent power generation loss caused by steam extraction and the additional investment in steam transmission,distribution,and absorption cooling systems partially offset these economic benefits.Direct green electricity supply at a low substitution ratio required relatively low initial investment,but continuous supply,peak regulation,and backup services remained largely dependent on the external grid.Increasing the ratio of green electricity required additional wind and photovoltaic capacity,energy storage,dedicated transmission lines,and backup capacity,thereby increasing system costs and investment recovery pressure.The engineering application of direct nuclear power supply is also constrained by factors such as low-carbon value recognition,nuclear safety boundaries,the physical separation of cooling and heating systems,siting conditions,and construction schedules.Under the conditions that nuclear safety regulatory requirements are implemented and the boundaries for nuclear power supply and low-carbon value recognition mechanisms are further clarified,the coordinated deployment of nuclear energy and large-scale computing clusters may reduce unit energy supply costs through stable long-term loads,modular construction,and fleet deployment,thereby demonstrating the potential to achieve large-scale application benefits.关键词
核能/数据中心/小型模块化反应堆/抽汽吸收式制冷/压缩式制冷/平准化电价/静态回收期/算电协同Key words
nuclear energy/data center/small modular reactor/steam extraction-driven absorption cooling/compression cooling/levelized cost of electricity/static payback period/computing-electricity coordination分类
能源科技引用本文复制引用
王永真,钟晓宸,蔡伟华,熊威,许俊俊,李鑫磊,蒋汪洋..核能直供数据中心技术路径及适配性研究[J].综合智慧能源,2026,48(9):29-39,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(72595835) National Natural Science Foundation of China(72595835) （72595835）
