陕西师范大学学报（自然科学版）2026，Vol.54Issue(5)：29-42,14.DOI:10.15983/j.cnki.jsnu.2026505
考虑电池退化的纯电动公交行车计划优化模型与算法
Optimization model and algorithm for electric bus scheduling plan considering battery degradation
摘要
Abstract
With the advancement of the electrification of urban public transport,the mileage limit and charging demand of electric buses make the design and operation of the scheduling face new challenges.Unreasonable charging behavior will accelerate the degradation of the battery,resulting in the increase of the cost of charging and battery depreciation,and the reduction of the driving range,affecting the normal bus operation.Considering the impact of battery degradation on the operation of electric bus,taking into account many factors such as energy consumption,time-of-use price and charging characteristics,an optimization model of electric bus trip planning was established with the goal of minimizing the total cost,including fleet operating cost and battery degradation cost.Genetic algorithm and neighborhood search algorithm were designed respectively for single and multi depots problems.The model and algorithm were tested by taking Zhengzhou bus line as an example,and the influence of battery degradation cost on calculation results was compared and analyzed.The results show that the model considering battery degradation can effectively promote the optimal charging and discharging behavior of the fleet,and the total charging time and charging cost decrease by 10.34%and 2.39%,indicating that the penalty of battery degradation cost will cause the optimal solution to move towards the solution with less charging and discharging process.Comparing different charging modes,the cost of nonlinear charging is higher than that of linear charging.Finally,in the multi-depots multi-line scenario,the sensitivity analysis of the battery capacity is carried out by taking three lines between 21 km and 36 km as an example.When the battery capacity increases,the number of shifts that a fully charged vehicle can perform increases and the fleet size decreases.Charging costs are decreased due to lower charging demand for vehicles during high electricity prices during the day.At the same time,the reduction of charge and discharge times also leads to the reduction of battery degradation costs.关键词
电动公交/电池退化/行车计划/遗传算法/邻域搜索算法/非线性充电Key words
electric bus/battery degradation/bus scheduling plan/genetic algorithm/neighborhood search algorithm/nonlinear charging分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
王心怡,刘锴,孙莹晗,何劲..考虑电池退化的纯电动公交行车计划优化模型与算法[J].陕西师范大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,54(5):29-42,14.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(72471045) （72471045）
辽宁省揭榜挂帅重点项目(2022JH1/10800098) （2022JH1/10800098）
