移动通信2026，Vol.50Issue(9)：31-38,8.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1010.20260708-0002
低空无人机毫米波波束对准技术:挑战、方法与展望
Millimeter-Wave Beam Alignment for Low-Altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicles:Challenges,Approaches,and Perspectives
摘要
Abstract
The rapid development of the low-altitude economy is accelerating the practical deployment of millimeter-wave(mmWave)communications for unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).However,the strong coupling among highly dynamic UAV flight,latency in onboard sensing,and complex low-altitude environments frequently causes beam misalignment,severely compromising link reliability.Conventional beam-scanning schemes incur high training overhead and are prone to link interruption in highly dynamic scenarios,while existing predictive algorithms and single-sensor-assisted approaches face practical limitations such as insufficient model generalization and the susceptibility of optical sensors to blockage and interference.To address these challenges,four major categories of beam alignment approaches are systematically reviewed,including conventional beam scanning,predictive intelligent algorithms,multisensor-assisted methods,and integrated sensing and communication(ISAC).Their operating principles,performance advantages,engineering limitations,and applicable scenarios are analyzed and compared.The analysis indicates that no single technique can simultaneously achieve high alignment accuracy and robust all-weather operation.Multimodal heterogeneous fusion and base-station-side ISAC are therefore expected to become key evolutionary directions for beam management over complex air-to-ground links.This study provides a systematic theoretical basis and technical guidance for the selection and practical deployment of mmWave beam management technologies in low-altitude scenarios.关键词
无人机/毫米波通信/波束对准/多传感器融合/通感一体化Key words
unmanned aerial vehicles/millimeter-wave communications/beam alignment/multisensor fusion/integrated sensing and communication分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
赵伟,赵军辉,全浩宇,李佳珉,朱鹏程,蒋雁翔..低空无人机毫米波波束对准技术:挑战、方法与展望[J].移动通信,2026,50(9):31-38,8.基金项目
石家庄市市级科技计划资助项目"高动态场景下基于视觉感知的波束对准技术"(2477916307A) （2477916307A）
贵州省科技重大专项"飞行器群体协同技术研究"(黔科合平台ZSSYS[2025]重大004) （黔科合平台ZSSYS[2025]重大004）
