液晶与显示2026，Vol.41Issue(8)：1175-1186,12.DOI:10.3724/CJLCD.2026-0079
基于改进RT-DETR的光伏红外缺陷检测算法
Photovoltaic infrared defect detection algorithm based on improved RT-DETR
摘要
Abstract
Surface defect detection of photovoltaic panels is of paramount importance for ensuring the power generation efficiency and operational safety of photovoltaic systems.To tackle challenges such as the difficulty in detecting small aerial targets in infrared images captured by drones,significant interference from outdoor thermal backgrounds,and the broad scale range of defect targets,this study introduces a photovoltaic infrared defect detection model that integrates multi-scale features with dynamic convolution.First,in the shallow pathway,spatial-to-depthwise convolution(SPD-Conv)is employed to substitute traditional downsampling methods,thereby preventing the loss of fine-grained features and edge information pertaining to small targets,including diode anomalies and hot spots.Second,a dynamic full-dimensional convolution(CSPOmniKernel)module is incorporated,which adaptively modulates the receptive field through a multi-branch mechanism,thereby enhancing low-contrast defect features while mitigating interference from complex thermal backgrounds.Finally,an efficient multi-scale feature fusion module(MFM)is devised,leveraging cross-level information interaction and adaptive aggregation to bolster the model's robustness in perceiving targets of varying scales.On a photovoltaic infrared aerial dataset encompassing five typical defect types,the enhanced model attains an mAP@0.5 of 84.12%,marking a 5.16%improvement over the baseline RT-DETR-r18,and achieves an inference speed of 48 FPS,fulfilling the demands of industrial real-time inspection.The results demonstrate that this approach significantly elevates the accuracy and reliability of photovoltaic defect detection in intricate outdoor environments.关键词
光伏缺陷检测/航拍红外图像/RT-DETR算法/动态卷积/小目标检测Key words
photovoltaic defect detection/aerial infrared image/RT-DETR algorithm/dynamic convolution/small target detection分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
邓万宇,彭鑫亮..基于改进RT-DETR的光伏红外缺陷检测算法[J].液晶与显示,2026,41(8):1175-1186,12.基金项目
陕西省科学家工程师创新团队项目(No.2023KXJ-091) （No.2023KXJ-091）
秦创原总窗口"四链融合"计划重点项目(No.2025PT-ZCK-67)Supported by Shaanxi Scientist&Engineer Innovation Team(No.2023KXJ-091) （No.2025PT-ZCK-67）
Key Project of Qinchuangyuan General Window"Four-Chain Integration"Program(No.2025PT-ZCK-67) （No.2025PT-ZCK-67）
