摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Given the coexistence of summer heat exposure and winter cold stress in cold-region coastal cities,as well as the limited understanding of how urban morphology affects outdoor thermal comfort across multiple seasons and spatial scales,this study investigates the seasonal and scale-dependent responses of outdoor thermal comfort to street-and block-scale urban morphology,with particular attention to nonlinear mechanisms.This study investigates the relationship between urban spatial form and outdoor thermal comfort in Xi'an Road,Dalian,a typical cold-region coastal district.[Method]Taking Xi'an Road in Dalian City as an example,the study evaluates urban outdoor thermal comfort through multiscale simulation and employs the machine learning method to reveal the complex associations between the urban outdoor thermal environment and urban form in coastal cities.[Result]There are clear spatial heterogeneity and seasonal variations in the study area.At 14∶00 on typical meteorological days,the mean PET is 41.24℃in summer and 11.56℃in winter.At the street scale,the dominant orientation shifts from E-W in summer to NE-SW in winter.At the block scale,floor area ratio has the highest contribution in summer,with a mean absolute SHAP value of about 0.70,while SVF dominates in winter at about 0.52.Urban form at street and block scales influences thermal comfort mainly through radiation exposure,local ventilation and heat exchange,and key indicators such as street orientation,SVF,floor area ratio and green space ratio present differentiated effects across seasons and spatial scales.[Conclusion]Outdoor thermal comfort in cold-region coastal cities is jointly influenced by seasonal climatic conditions,spatial scale,and morphological configurations.Spatial optimization should therefore shift from the control of individual indicators toward the coordinated regulation of multiple morphological factors.Summer strategies should prioritize shading and ventilation,while winter strategies should balance solar access and wind-chill mitigation,thereby improving year-round thermal comfort through seasonally adaptive design.关键词
室外热舒适/微气候/城市形态/影响机制/寒地滨海城市Key words
outdoor thermal comfort/microclimate/urban form/impact mechanism/cold coastal city
