中国电力2026，Vol.59Issue(9)：96-108,13.DOI:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202604065
单双面陶瓷隔膜储能锂电池热失控行为对比
Comparison of thermal runaway behaviors of energy storage lithium-ion batteries with single-sided and double-sided ceramic separators
摘要
Abstract
Battery energy storage devices serve as the core for secure and stable operation of distribution networks,yet their large-scale deployment raises significant safety concerns.To address the lack of systematic testing and quantitative analysis regarding the thermal runaway suppression effects of single-sided/double-sided ceramic-coated separators in large-capacity lithium iron phosphate(LFP)cells under typical abuse conditions,this research is carried out to fill the gap.Taking 280 A·h LFP cells equipped with single-sided and double-sided ceramic-coated separators respectively as research objects,three categories of abuse-induced thermal runaway tests are systematically implemented,including nail penetration,overheating(ignition/non-ignition comparison),and overcharge(ignition/non-ignition comparison).Based on thermal runaway theory,characteristic indicators such as voltage evolution,temperature rise,gas generation,mass loss,and heat release are measured to quantitatively compare the suppression per-formance.The results show that cells with double-sided ceramic-coated separators exhibit remarkably superior safety performance compared with those adopting single-sided ceramic separators.Under the 6 mm nail penetration condition:the thermal runaway duration is extended by 85 s,the peak surface temperature decreases by 18℃,and a self-cutting effect characterized by voltage drop-recovery is observed.For over-heating tests:under non-ignition conditions,thermal runaway duration increases by 57 s,peak temperature drops by 73℃,and the concentration of flammable gases is reduced;under ignition conditions,the duration extends by 102 s,peak temperature falls by 104℃,the peak heat release rate decreases by 45 kW/s,and the mass loss rate drops substantially.Voltage rebound is captured in both cases.For overcharge tests:under non-ignition conditions,thermal runaway duration increases by 12 s and peak temperature reduces by 19℃;under ignition conditions,the duration extends by 14 s,peak temperature drops by 20℃,and the peak heat release rate declines by 45 kW/s.Moreover,the peak overcharge voltage rises by up to 24.4 V,and the accumulated charged capacity before internal short circuit is significantly lowered.It can be concluded that the double-sided ceramic-coated separator can effectively suppress the initiation and propagation of early micro-short circuits inside batteries.These findings can provide reliable experimental support and theoretical basis for the safety design of large-capacity energy storage batteries,and bears significant engineering value for ensuring the safe operation of energy storage systems on distribution network side.关键词
储能/磷酸铁锂电池/大容量/双面陶瓷隔膜/热失控机理/微短路Key words
energy storage/lithium iron phosphate battery/large capacity/double-sided ceramic separator/thermal runaway mechanism/micro short circuit引用本文复制引用
向子谦,陈宝辉,陆佳政,王江峰,陈扩,刘晶菊,吴传平,陈罗甲..单双面陶瓷隔膜储能锂电池热失控行为对比[J].中国电力,2026,59(9):96-108,13.基金项目
国家电网有限公司科技项目(5108-202218280A-2-76-XG). This work is supported by Science and Technology Project of SGCC(No.5108-202218280A-2-76-XG). （5108-202218280A-2-76-XG）
