中国稻米2026，Vol.32Issue(5)：6-10,5.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2026.05.002
稻曲病:全球水稻生产的新兴挑战
Rice False Smut:An Emerging Global Challenge to Rice Production
摘要
Abstract
Rice false smut(RFS),caused by the filamentous fungus Ustilaginoidea virens,is a typical"old disease with new outbreaks"affecting rice panicles.The pathogen primarily invades the spikelets during the booting stage,colonizes and infects the floral silk tissues,ultimately forming yellowish,dark green,or blackish-green false smut balls.This infection process not only directly leads to significant reductions in seed setting rate,thousand-grain weight,and milling quality but also poses a potential threat to food safety due to toxins produced by the fungus.Currently,RFS has evolved into a major global biological disaster,occurring in 59 countries and affecting over 60.0%of rice-growing areas worldwide.Yield losses typically range from 0 to 44.0%,and can even reach up to 70.0%under extreme conditions.The escalating epidemic trend is driven synergistically by modern agricultural practices(such as the widespread cultivation of high-yielding hybrid rice and excessive nitrogen fertilizer inputs)and global climate change.Significant differences in resistance exist among rice varieties.Generally,early-maturing and loose-panicle types exhibit stronger resistance,no completely immune germplasm resources have been identified to date.Given the scarcity of resistant elite cultivars,chemical control remains the predominant strategy in current production systems.Its efficacy heavily depends on precise timing and fungicide selection;practical experience indicates that applying fungicides once at the early booting stage and again between initial heading and 50%heading can effectively block fungal infection.In summary,rice false smut has transformed from a regional sporadic disease into a critical bottleneck threatening global rice production security.Addressing this challenge requires an urgent integration of resistant genetic breeding and precision green control strategies to establish an environmentally friendly,sustainable,and comprehensive management system,thereby ensuring the stability and safety of the global food supply chain.关键词
水稻/稻曲病/绿色防控/抗病育种Key words
rice/rice false smut/green control/resistant breeding分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王福荣,范勤瑾,邱结华..稻曲病:全球水稻生产的新兴挑战[J].中国稻米,2026,32(5):6-10,5.基金项目
中国水稻研究所重点研发项目(CAAS-CN-RRI-2025-01) （CAAS-CN-RRI-2025-01）
浙江省自然科学基金重点项目(LZ23C130002) （LZ23C130002）
