中国铁道科学2026，Vol.47Issue(4)：105-118,14.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4632.2026.04.08
基于ADF-YOLO模型的双模态轨道扣件缺陷检测方法
Dual-modal rail fastener defect detection model based on ADF-YOLO
摘要
Abstract
In rail fastener defect detection,single-modal visible-light images are susceptible to environmental interference and lack spatial structural information.This limitation reduces the model's sensitivity to small-sized defects and spatial deformations of fasteners.Consequently,it increases the rate of false and missed detections.To address these issues,this paper proposes a detection method based on the Attention and Dual-Modal Fusion YOLO(ADF-YOLO)model.First,the ADF-YOLO model is constructed,which employs a dual-stream backbone architecture to concurrently extract texture features from visible-light images and spatial structural features from depth images of railway fasteners.Second,an Attention and Multi-Branch Convolution Synergy Module is introduced into the backbone network to improve the capture of small-sized defect features.This module expands the receptive field and enhances the representation of detailed features.Finally,an Attention-Guided Dual-Modal Feature Fusion Module is integrated into the neck network for the efficient fusion of heterogeneous features.This module fully exploits the dual-modal feature fusion paradigm.Consequently,it generates more robust fused features that are highly sensitive to defect morphology.The results demonstrate that on a multimodal fastener defect dataset,the ADF-YOLO model detection method achieves a mean average precision(mAP)of 90.9%and 70.5%at IoU thresholds of 0.5 and 0.5-0.95,respectively.The ADF-YOLO method significantly outperforms various single-modal and multi-modal object detection models in detection accuracy.The proposed ADF-YOLO model provides reliable technical support for railway fastener defect inspection tasks.关键词
铁路安全/轨道扣件/缺陷检测/多模态融合/注意力机制/YOLOKey words
Railway safety/Rail fasteners/Defect detection/Multimodal fusion/Attention mechanism/YOLO分类
交通工程引用本文复制引用
秦勇,彭根旺,曹志威,高阳,寇淋淋,王雅观..基于ADF-YOLO模型的双模态轨道扣件缺陷检测方法[J].中国铁道科学,2026,47(4):105-118,14.基金项目
先进轨道交通自主运行全国重点实验室自主课题(RAO2025ZR001) （RAO2025ZR001）
北京市自然科学基金资助项目(L241078) （L241078）
国家资助博士后研究人员计划项目(GZC20251118) （GZC20251118）
