制冷2026，Vol.45Issue(4)：40-48,9.DOI:10.3969/J.ISSN.1005-9180.2026.04.0007
地铁列车空调受限散热分析与改善措施研究
Research on Limited Heat Dissipation Analysis and Improvement Measures for Metro Train Air Conditioning
摘要
Abstract
To investigate the heat dissipation characteristics of metro train air conditioning in confined spaces and the role of tunnel over-track exhaust systems,measurements were conducted on three metro lines in a city during typical high-temperature summer days.Parameters including ambient temperature and condenser inlet/outlet air temperatures of the train air conditioning systems were recorded,based on which the heat dissipation capacity and energy efficiency were calculated.Two targeted improvement strategies were subsequently proposed.The results show that due to passenger load and accumulated airflow,the thermal load on intermediate carriages is significantly higher than that on leading cars.In older lines,heat accumulation in the track area results in elevated condenser inlet air temperatures.The enclosed underground space induces exhaust air recirculation,causing condenser inlet temperatures to exceed ambient levels and reducing air conditioning energy efficiency.Activating the over-track exhaust system improves the airflow around the condenser,lowering inlet temperatures and enhancing efficiency.The thermodynamic causes of heat dissipation were identified,providing a practical basis for energy-saving optimization of train systems.Sole reliance on over-track exhaust systems is insufficient for fundamental improvement;instead,structural optimization and coordinated operational strategies are required.By optimizing the height difference between the train and tunnel crown to 1.8-2.3 m,heat dissipation demands can be met under a typical 35-second station dwell time without large-scale civil works.Simultaneously,active load reduction technology compensates by smoothly reducing load before the system approaches high-pressure protection thresholds,thereby preventing fault-induced shutdowns.Under low passenger loads,the active load reduction strategy achieves 50％load regulation,while under high loads it maintains operation within a critical range,ensuring system continuity from the perspective of shutdown prevention.关键词
地铁车辆/列车空调/受限空间/隧道轨顶排风/改善措施Key words
Metro Vehicle/Train Air Conditioning/Confined Space/Tunnel Track Top Exhaust/Improvement Measures分类
交通工程引用本文复制引用
周剑峰,蔡瑞晶,李江鹏,潘昊川,吴妍,王毅峰..地铁列车空调受限散热分析与改善措施研究[J].制冷,2026,45(4):40-48,9.基金项目
中国中车股份有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(项目编号:2024CCB218) （项目编号:2024CCB218）
